| 释义 |
dug-out, ppl. a. and n.
[See dug ppl. a., and dig out, dig v. 13 b.]
A. ppl. a. Hollowed out by digging, excavated.
1886Athenæum 24 Apr. 556/3 In some cases the station was completely insulated, and reached only by means of dug-out canoes. 1887Archæologia L. 370 Dug-out boats of more or less rude construction. 1889Spectator 14 Dec. 838 Ordinary dug-out canals like that of Suez.
B. n. (chiefly U.S.)
1. A canoe made by hollowing out the trunk of a tree.
1819J. A. Quitman in Clairborne Life (1860) I. 42 At Wheeling..we purchased a small canoe, called here a ‘dug-out’, or ‘man-drowner’. 1839Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. i. II. 57 We had no boat with us, not even a dug-out. 1887Archæologia L. 370 Ship-building..of a very superior kind to these rude dug-outs.
2. a. A rough kind of dwelling formed by an excavation in the ground (usually in a slope or bank), roofed with turf, canvas, etc. Also attrib.
1855in J. A. Thomson 80 Yrs'. Remin. (1904) I. 171, I live in a dug-out tent [at Balaklava], which is pretty warm, with a capital fire-place made out of potato tins! 1860Jrnl. Discourses VIII. 293/1 When you have built splendid habitations, be as willing to leave them as you would to leave a dug-out. 1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West xxxi. 685 The unhappy traveler, if compelled to seek shelter in winter, will find it in a Swedish ‘dug-out’. 1881Chicago Times 16 Apr., Instead of ‘dug-outs’ on the prairies, he found the farmers living in large, handsome frame houses. 1883Leisure Hour 281/2 The Kansas ‘dug-outs’ consist..of a square hole dug in the ground, roofed either by a canvas waggon-cloth or..with sods.
b. spec. Applied to the roofed shelters used in trench warfare. Also attrib.
1904Westm. Gaz. 7 Dec. 7/1 The following telegram from General Sakharoff..has been received at St. Petersburg:..Our troops, thanks to their dug-outs, warm clothing, and plentiful food, do not suffer from the cold. 1914D. O. Barnett Lett. (1915) 19 A dug-out in the reserve trenches. a1917E. A. Mackintosh War the Liberator (1918) 23 And I shall see no more The gallant friendly faces Framed in my dug-out door. 1919G. K. Rose 2/4th Oxf. & Bucks Lt. Infty. 26 Desire Trench..was a shallow disconnected trough upholstered in mud and possessing four or five unfinished dug-out shafts. Ibid. 63 A bombed dug-out is the last word in ‘unhealthiness’.
3. A person of out-dated appearance or ideas; spec. a superannuated officer, etc., recalled for temporary military service. slang.
1912Blackw. Mag. June 805/2 From his turn-out, he was probably a prehistoric ‘dug-out’, a ‘was-bird’ of ‘weird’ early Victorian ideas. 1915(title) Tales of a ‘dug-out’. Ibid. 5 [Publishers' note], These War Stories are written by an Officer—a ‘dug-out’, returning to the Service after 20 years' absence. 1916H. G. Wells Mr. Britling ii. ii. 232 A new untried man—usually a dug-out in an advanced state of decay—is stuck into the job. 1918W. J. Locke Rough Road vii. 75 The Colonel was immensely proud of them and sang their praises to any fellow dug-out who would listen to him. 1920Q. Rev. July 139 Retired officers and civilians, the much sneered at ‘Dug-outs’..saved the situation. 1939A. J. Toynbee Study Hist. VI. 98 These ‘elder statesmen’ are the last people to whom a community can safely commit its destinies in an emergency, since..these ‘dug-outs’ are doubly incapacitated. 1958P. Kemp No Colours or Crest iii. 31 The Assistant Provost Marshal..was a dug-out major of a famous cavalry regiment.
Add:[B.] [2.] [b.] Hence, an underground air-raid shelter.
1940J. Colville Diary 17 Sept. in Fringes of Power (1985) 241 The House of Commons repaired to its dug-outs. 1954C. R. Attlee As it Happened xiv. 120 We were all ordered down to the dug-out—King, Ministers and domestic servants.
c. (Usu. dugout.) A low shelter at the side of a sports pitch, with seating for the manager, trainer, players, etc. of a team. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1912N.Y. Tribune 17 Oct. 1/4 The Boston rooters..cheered themselves hoarse. But over near the New York dugout another scene was enacted. 1948N.Y. Times 9 May v. 5/8 Vern Stephens threw his grounder into the Boston dugout. 1973Times 15 Aug. 7/3 The [baseball] players in their dugout were saying among themselves that his deliveries were coming fast, then dropping. 1976Liverpool Echo 7 Dec. 18/2 He had the unhappy experience of sitting in the trainer's dug-out watching Paul Mariner..score the winning goal. 1986Philadelphia Inquirer 11 July a17/3 There was an embarrassingly large scattering of boos when he walked to the dugout. |