| 释义 |
▪ I. sweal, swale, n. dial.|swiːl, sweɪl|
Also swaile, sweel.
[f. next.]
A blaze, flame; the guttering of a candle.
1781J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. (E.D.S.) Swaile, Sweal, a flame. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Sweel..the melting of a lighted candle in a draught. 1882Lanc. Gloss., Sweel, a great blaze.
▪ II. sweal, swale, v. Now dial.|swiːl, sweɪl|
Forms: 1 swælan, 3 swælen, pa. tense swelde, 3–4 swale, 4 swayle, (also 9) swele, 4, 7–9 swaile, 5 sweile, sweyle, 6–7 sweale, 7–9 swail, 8–9 sweel, (9 squail, zwele, zweel, etc.), 6– sweal, 7– swale.
[OE. swǽlan wk. trans. to burn, related to OE. swelan str. intr. to burn (which may be in part also the source of this word) = (M)LG. swelen to singe, wither (of grass), make hay, etc. (whence G. schwelen, schwälen to burn slowly without flame, NFris. swîal to singe, EFris. swêl to glow), ON. svæla to smoke out, svæla thick mist or smoke, f. Teut. root swel- to be subjected to heat or slow burning (cf. OHG. suilizôn to burn slowly).
Other grades of the root are represented by OE. swol, swolig (cf. sooly), swoloþ burning, heat, LG. swôl, swûl, swôlig, swûlig oppressively hot, sultry (whence G. schwül, earlier † schwul), Du. zwoel sultry.
Cognates outside Teut. are recognized in Lith. svìlti to scorch, svilus glowing, svilmis smell of burning, Lett. swelt to scorch.]
1. trans. To consume with fire, burn; to set fire to (e.g. gorse, etc., soot in a chimney); to singe, scorch; locally, to singe (a hog), (in Ireland) to roast (a sheep) whole in its skin.
[Beowulf 3041 (Gr.) Gledum beswæled.] c1000Lambeth Ps. xxv[i]. 2 Onæl..vel swæl vel bærn lendenu..mine. c1205Lay. 1647 Berneð heore halles..& swaleð heore bures. c1275Ibid. 25594 Þo com þar..a bernen[d]e drake, borwes he swelde. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 325 He..sweled of his berd heer with a firy cole. Ibid. VIII. 143 He..schewed hym his heed þat was i-sweled and i-scalded. c1400Beryn 2349 For to swele his vlyes He stert in-to the bern & aftir stre he hies. c1410Lanterne of Liȝt ix. 78 Þat lust of þe fleische mai be sweilid from coueiting of yuel [orig. ut conbusta caro non concupiscat malum]. 1573Twyne æneid xii. Ll 4, His huge beard brent a light, And swealed caused a stinke. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 253 Summers-guide, the Crab comes..To bring us yearly in his starry shell, Many long dayes the shaggie Earth to swele. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 36 If you must use many [hives]; then, having wet the skirts with a cloth, singe or sweal the inside. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 322 To Sweal a Hog, to singe a Hog. 1795Trans. Soc. Arts XIII. 183 The gorse..is used for sweeling ships [i.e. applying a torch to the greased and tarred bottom that the fat, etc. may penetrate]. 1800J. Hurdis Fav. Village 52 To see the thunder-bolt with fiery arm Arrest the mountain top and sweal his brow. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 310 In order to have good bacon the hair should be sweeled off—not scalded. 1883Almondbury & Huddersfield Gloss., Sweal, to burn the soot out of the chimney. 1883Standard 12 Sept. 2/2 ‘Sweel’ is an odd Sussex word, meaning to singe linen. 1911Daily News 22 Dec. 12/1 Strong overgrown heather which..would have to be torched or ‘swaled’ before young plants..could take possession of that area.
b. To cause (grass, etc.) to dry or wither.
1796Pegge Derbicisms (E.D.S.) s.v., The wind sweals the grass; not only checks its growth, but cuts off and consumes its blade. 1881Leicester. Gloss. s.v., ‘It’—the hay—‘is swaled enow, an' way'll hack it in’.
2. intr. To burn with fire, or as a fire; to be consumed with fire; to be scorched; to be burning hot.
[Beowulf 2713 (Gr.) Sio wund ongon..swelan and swellan. a900Cynewulf Crist 987 (Gr.) On fyrbaðe swelað sæfiscas.] c1205Lay. 16219 Þe castel gon to bernen, bures þer swælden [MS. slælden]. 1382Wyclif Matt. xiii. 6 Sothely the sunne sprung vp, thei swaliden [gloss or brenden for hete]. ― Rev. xvi. 9 Men swayleden [1388 swaliden; Vulg. æstuaverunt] with greet heete. 1388― Jer. xx. 9 The word of the Lord was maad, as fier swalynge [1382 gretly hetende] in myn herte. 1811Willan in Archaeologia XVII. 160 (W. Riding Words), Sweal, to blaze, to burn away rapidly. 1861E. Brown Seaman's Narr. xxii. 251 The flesh swealed with the heat of the irons, and a blue steamy smoke arose. 1882Lanc. Gloss. s.v., A fire or anything else is said to sweel when it burns fiercely.
3. Of a candle: To melt away; to gutter. Also said of the tallow or wax. Hence fig. to waste away.
1653H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 80 That they can burn thus with their heads downwards, and not presently sweal out and be extinguished, as our ordinary Candles are. 1671Skinner Etymol., To Sweal away, eliquescere instar candelæ, vox agro Linc. usitatissima. 1816Scott Old Mort. v, Mind ye dinna let the candle sweal as ye gang alang the wainscot parlour. 1827T. Wilson Pitman's Pay ii. iii, The unsnuff'd lights are now burnt low, And dimly in their sockets sweeling. 1858Faber Bartoli & Maffei's Life Xavier 396 The wax which had swealed from it [sc. a candle]. 1870Kingsley At Last viii, The soil is half pitch, half brown earth, among which the pitch sweals in and out, as tallow sweals from a candle. 1881Pall Mall G. 9 Mar. 10 The candles they have to light them to their rooms are swaling. 1893Wiltshire Gloss., Squail..(4) Of a candle, to gutter.
4. trans. To cause to waste away like a guttering candle. Chiefly fig.
1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. 298 Lest this sin of pride (as a thief in the candle) should swail out thy joy. 1662Hibbert Body Div. i. 144 An intemperate man is one that, like some candles, sweals away his life. 1673True Worship of God 65 The wasting and swealing out the Lights of the Church. a1679T. Goodwin Unregenerate Man xiii. ix, Immoderate sorrows swale our life. 1697Congreve Mourning Bride iii. vi, Our Hymeneal Torch..dashed with Rain from Eyes, and swail'd with Sighs. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. iii. i. i. (1852) 275 Reckoning..the time not spent in study, for the most part sweeled away. 1862[C. C. Robinson] Dial. Leeds s.v., Mind an' doan't sweal t'cannel.
▪ III. sweal
dial. form of squeal. |