| 释义 |
suˈspended, ppl. a. and n.
[f. prec. + -ed1.]
A. ppl. adj.
I.
1. Temporarily deprived of office, position, or privilege.
1535in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1679) I. Records 132 Whether any Persons Excommunicate, Suspended, or Interdicted, did give Voices in the same Election? 1659Clarke Papers (Camden) IV. 300 The cashiered and suspended officers. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. ii. vi. viii, Louis and his sad suspended Household. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 408 Compton, the suspended Bishop of London. 1901Scotsman 9 Mar. 8/4 One of the suspended members had the first place for an amendment.
2. Undecided, undetermined.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 194 His suspended and doubtfull mynde. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Milton Wks. II. 88 One of his friends who had reproved his suspended and dilatory life. 1881W. H. White M. Rutherford's Autobiog. ii. 20 It is the most difficult thing for us to be satisfied with suspended judgment.
3. Temporarily stopped, intermitted: chiefly in phr. suspended animation, a state of temporary insensibility, esp. that due to asphyxia.
1795British Critic VI. 533 The author having examined the causes of suspended animation in animals that are hanged, drowned, suffocated, or killed by noxious vapours, concludes that it is occasioned solely by the exclusion of vital air from the lungs. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam xi. xi, Why watched those myriads with suspended breath Sleepless a second night? 1820Good Nosology 368 Total suspension of all the mental and corporeal functions..Asphyxy. Suspended animation. 1825Scott Betrothed xiv, In suggesting and applying the usual modes for recalling the suspended sense. 1827― Surg. Dau. viii, An old servant waited with the means of restoring suspended animation. 1836I. Taylor Phys. The. Another Life xvii. 257 A condition of suspended powers.
4. a. Deferred, or of which the fulfilment or execution is deferred.
1848Lytton Harold viii. vi, Harold parted from his betrothed, without hint of his suspended designs. 1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. ii. 326 Inasmuch as perfect justice is not executed in this world, man is in a state of suspended condemnation.
b. suspended sentence (Law), a sentence which is imposed but remains in suspense provided that the offender commits no further offence within a stipulated period.
The suspended sentence was first introduced in Europe in the late nineteenth cent. Before this the phr. ‘to suspend sentence’ was used, esp. in the U.S., to denote the remission or commutation of a capital sentence (see quots. 1828, 1860). In Great Britain the suspended sentence became legal only in 1967 (see quot. 1967), and is commonly used in conjunction with the system of probation (see probation 3).
[1828De W. Clinton in E. Cowen N.Y. State Supreme Court Rep. (1859) IX. 730 If the judiciary be exposed to sudden..attempts on its humanity..to suspend the sentence of the law, what must be the effect on the executive, when it comes before him, backed by judicial authority; a prevalent sentiment against the punishment of death. 1860N. Howard Practice Rep. Supreme Court State N.Y. XX. 119, I have learned by newspapers that the recorder of this city occasionally suspended sentence upon verdicts or pleas of guilty. Ibid., The court does not possess the power to suspend sentence indefinitely. The judge should recommend the prisoner to a pardon and not suspend sentence, in case he thinks no punishment ought to be inflicted.] 1884Chicago Legal News XVI. 392/1 The same ruling might be held to apply as to the enforcement of suspended sentences..if the power of suspension existed. 1912Atlantic Reporter LXXXII. 424/1 The term ‘suspended sentence’, as used in criminal law, refers to the suspension of the execution of a sentence already imposed, and not correctly to the suspending of a sentence. 1923Texas Law Rev. I. 191 If anyone is to be given a suspended sentence and another chance to ‘make good’, surely it is the young man who has committed his first misdemeanor. 1947Survey LXXXIII. 219/1 In 1940, 33 percent of our adult offenders were put on probation or granted suspended sentence. 1950[see box v.2 2 d]. 1950Times 21 Oct. 3/3 Sir Leo Page had suggested to him that the probation system might be strengthened by the suspended sentence as used in France and other countries. 1957Alternatives to Short Terms of Imprisonment (Home Office) 9 We understand from the Association of Chief Police Officers that there is strong support among the police for the courts being given power to impose a suspended sentence. 1967Act Eliz. II c. 80 §39 A court which passes a sentence of imprisonment for a term of not more than two years for an offence may order that the sentence shall not take effect unless, during a period specified in the order..the offender commits in Great Britain another offence punishable with imprisonment..and in this Part of this Act ‘operational period’, in relation to a suspended sentence, means the period so specified. 1971L. Radzinowicz in M. Ancel Suspended Sentence p. vi., The suspended sentence is essentially a continental system. It began its meteoric career over seventy years ago, with the Belgian and French laws of 1888 and 1891... From there it made a tour du monde... It eventually reached Israel..in 1954, before entering the United Kingdom, as a very late immigrant, in 1967. 1972J. Wilson Hide & Seek viii. 151, I got six months suspended sentence last time and fined twenty rotten quid. 1973F. Rinaldi Suspended Sentences in Australia vi. 85 To every suspended sentence there should be added a supervision order. 1979T. Skyrme Changing Image Magistracy x. 125 After the introduction of suspended sentences other forms of penalty, financial as well as custodial, diminished steadily.
c. suspended participle (Gram.), a participle in an absolute clause or phrase whose subject is omitted, resulting in ambiguity; a dangling participle.
1942E. Partridge Usage & Abusage 93/1 Confused participles... Here will be treated what are variously known as disconnected or misrelated or suspended participles... Dr Onions cites the following additional examples:- Calling upon him last summer, he kindly offered to give me his copy. (Say: When I called.) 1972R. D. Walshe in G. W. Turner Good Austral. Eng. 256 This lapse..has variously been called the..isolated, suspended, or dangling participle (or phrase).
d. suspended disbelief: see suspend v. 4 d.
1965New Statesman 20 Aug. 262/1 For a moment you forgot these were actors and participated..in the panic of..the St Valentine's day massacre... A moment later the curtain came down, the lights went up. The theatre has its own short way with suspended disbelief. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 May 13/4 If in the end I remain in a state of suspended disbelief, it is..because I find it hard to believe that there can be a single explanation for so complex a phenomenon.
5. Mus. Of a note of a chord: Prolonged into the following chord, usually so as to constitute a temporary discord.
1853J. Smith Treat. Mus. 33 By carrying on some one tone (technically termed a ‘suspended note’), from the harmony preceding a dissonant chord. 1867Macfarren Harmony (1892) 66 The suspended discords are the 9th, and the 4th, and also the 5th, from the mediant and leading-note. 1889Prout Harmony xix. 228 The first inversion of the suspended fourth.
II.
6. a. Supported by attachment above; hung; hanging. † suspended bridge = suspension-bridge. suspended ceiling, a ceiling fixed so as to alter the proportions of the room or to give sufficient space above it to accommodate services.
1796Monthly Mag. II. 883 Jordan's Suspended Bridges. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 223 The clappers now fly to deposit the electricity they have received upon the central bell. They are then again in a condition to be attracted by the suspended bells. 1861Stephens & Burn Bk. Farm-buildings 368 Suspended or hanging gate for courtyards. 1889G. Findlay Eng. Railway 44 In 1847 Mr. Bridges Adams introduced the suspended joint with fish⁓plates. 1901Black's Illustr. Carp. & Build., Scaffolding 18 We recognise, by the tell-tale cavities left in the existing stonework, that the scaffolds were suspended ones. 1933Archit. Rev. LXXIV. 54/3 The suspended ceilings are built of steel, wire hangers, steel bars and expanded metal, and plaster. 1955[see insulation 3 a]. 1978Cornish Guardian 27 Apr. 17/8 (Advt.), The County Council invite offers to submit fixed price tenders for..the provision of a suspended ceiling.
b. Entom. (See quots.)
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 300 Suspended,..when one part is joined to another by a ligature, without being inserted in it. 1841Westwood Brit. Butterflies 54 The mode in which these caterpillars [of the Peacock Butterfly] change to suspended chrysalides. 1871E. Newman Brit. Butterflies 19 Suspended..those in which the chrysalids are attached by the tail only, and hang with the head downwards.
c. Bot. Of an ovule (or seed): Attached at or near the summit of the ovary (or fruit) and hanging vertically.
1832Lindley Introd. Bot. 159 When an ovulum..hangs from the summit of the cavity, it is pendulous; and when from a little below the summit, it is suspended. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 336 A seed may be erect, inverse or pendulous, suspended, ascending, &c.
7. Held up without attachment; held aloft.
1817Shelley Rev. Islam i. xi, A vapour like the sea's suspended spray Hung gathered.
8. Held in suspension; diffused in a fluid medium, as solid particles.
1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. vii. (ed. 3) 51 The coarsest portion of the suspended matter first subsides. 1851–3Tomlinson's Cycl. Arts (1867) II. 684/1 It..contains suspended impurities coated with albumen. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 141 A part of the suspended sediment falls to the bottom.
B. n. or quasi-n. ellipt. for suspended sentence, sense 4 b above. slang.
1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard i. 34 The bird'll get a suspended, I don't doubt her old man's had a word somewhere. 1979M. Page Pilate Plot ix. 130 If you cooperate, I can probably get you off with a {pstlg}20 fine and a month's suspended—and no press publicity. |