| 释义 |
▪ I. survivor|səˈvaɪvə(r)|
Also 6–7 -our.
[f. survive + -or.]
One who (or that which) survives.
1. a. A person, animal, or plant that outlives another or others; one remaining alive after another's death, or after some disaster in which others perish.
1624Donne Devot. (ed. 2) 27 As though that one were the suruiuour of all the sonns of men, to whom God had giuen the world. 1683Dryden Life Plutarch 59 That he was at Rome either in the joynt reign of the two Vespasians, or at least in that of the survivour Titus. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 361, I am now sorry that I counted not the plants,..I should then have known what proportion the deceased bore to the survivors. 1791Cowper Yardley Oak 1 Survivor sole, and hardly such, of all That once liv'd here. 1856Kane Arctic Expl. I. xiv. 163 My dogs..had perished; there were only six survivors of the whole pack. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §6. 518 Of the band of patriots..he [Pym] was the sole survivor.
fig.1859Sporting Mag. Dec. 393 In the last half-hour there were only six [hunting men] up, over a very severe bit of country; Jack Morgan [the huntsman]..one of the survivors.
b. attrib. or appos. Surviving. rare—1.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 371 Edward yongest, but Suruiuor Sonne of the aforesaid Egelred.
c. Special Comb.: survivor syndrome, the (freq. delayed) symptoms, such as disintegration of personality, nightmares, tension, and guilt, which are classed as a syndrome and can afflict someone who has survived a dehumanizing and degrading experience of terror.
1968W. G. Niederland in H. Krystal Massive Psychic Trauma iv. 63 Only in this way can we understand, in our appraisal of these people, the mental condition from which they suffer today: this survivor syndrome which I have described as a clinical entity. 1979B. Bettelheim Surviving 29 Unable to embark on the strenuous and hazardous task of integrating their personalities, such survivors suffer from a psychiatric disorder which has been named the concentration camp survivor syndrome.
2. spec. in Law. One of two or more designated persons, esp. joint-tenants or other persons having a joint interest, who outlives the other or others; a longer or the longest liver.
1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 25 §1 As yf the seid persones..hade be jointly named with the seid Survivours. 1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §103 A, Within one yeare next after the decease of the suruiuor of them. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. vi. 19 The fall of either Makes the Suruiuor heyre of all. 1759Ir. Act 33 Geo. II, c. 4 §17 Any two of them, or the survivors or survivor of them, or the heirs of such survivor, may sell..any part of the estate. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. xii. 183 The entire tenancy upon the decease of any of them remains to the survivors, and at length to the last survivor. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 434 A. devised lands to B. and C., and the survivor of them. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 326 As the annuitants dropped off, their annuities were to be divided among the survivors, till the number of survivors was reduced to seven.
3. colloq. One who has the knack of surviving afflictions unscathed.
1971P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale ix. 295 She would be earning a good living somewhere... The Mary Taylors of the world were natural survivors. 1978J. Anderson Angel of Death xiv. 167 You're a survivor, Paul. People like you always come through.
Hence surˈvivoress (-vress), a female survivor.
a1711Ken Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 414 The Survivress in soft mournful Tones The Death of Sister Philomel bemoans.
▪ II. survivor, -oure
var. surviver2. |