| 释义 |
motivation|məʊtɪˈveɪʃən|
[f. motive v.: see -ation.]
1. a. The action of the verb motive.
1873Contemp. Rev. XXI. 446 He [Schopenhauer] distinguishes the sufficient reason of Becoming, of Knowledge, of Being, and of Action... The fourth is the law of motivation. 1902Edin. Rev. July 203 Still less are we referring to the structure of the Robertsonian drama, the ‘motivation’ of its plot.
b. Psychol. and Sociol. The conscious or unconscious stimulus for action towards a desired goal provided by psychological or social factors; that which gives purpose or direction to behaviour.
1904Psychol. Rev. Monogr. Suppl. V. ii. 11 (heading) The egoistic and the social in motivation. 1922R. S. Woodworth Psychol. viii. 137 The instincts are extraordinarily important in the study of motivation. 1932W. McDougall Energies of Men xvi. 245 It is in relation to the problems of motivation that the postulation of subconscious activities is most urgently required. 1937T. Parsons Struct. of Social Action III. xvi. 637 Weber's work necessitated the ideal-typical formulation of systems of ideas which are relevant to concrete motivation. 1950Lucas & Britt Advertising Psychol. & Res. ii. v. 107 Lists of human wants and related advertising appeals are included in this chapter mainly for the purpose of illustrating the theory of motivation. 1954R. F. C. Hull tr. Jung's Coll. Works XVII. vii. 193 The real motivations are sought and real discoveries are made. 1966Rep. Comm. Inquiry Univ. Oxf. I. 69 Weight can properly be given to evidence about their motivation,..the nature of their schooling, or their non-academic interests and activities. 1972Sci. Amer. Feb. 48/1 There are other important motivations for attempting to synthesize speech. One is learning how speech is produced in the human vocal tract. 1973B. O'Connell Aspects of Learning vi. 103 Motivation may be considered as either intrinsic or extrinsic; intrinsic motives include those of exploration and curiosity, and extrinsic those of status and social approval.
2. Manner or means of movement.
1946M. Peake Titus Groan 407 There could be no mistaking that nimble, yet shuffling and edgeways-on—that horribly deliberate motivation that was neither walking nor running. 1948M. H. Nicolson Voyages to Moon v. 195 Swift's flying chariot remains unique in the history of literature..both for its vast size..and for the plausibility of its principle of motivation.
3. attrib. and Comb., esp. in connection with market research and advertising, as motivation analyst, motivation department, motivation psychology, motivation study; motivation research, research, usu. with the object of increasing a product's sales, undertaken to discover the underlying psychological and social motives that influence people; so motivation researcher; cf. motivational a. b.
1958A. Huxley Let. 15 Feb. (1969) 846 American advertising techniques as perfected by the Motivation Analysts.
1957V. Packard Hidden Persuaders iii. 29 The McCann-Erickson advertising agency in New York had five psychologists manning a special motivation department. 1961Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 17/2 The ‘motivation psychology’ that allows a driver to be placid and content at one moment and at the next makes him rush forward ‘like a raging lunatic’. Ibid., He described ‘motivation psychology’ as the study of what makes the individual road user tick.
1953Business Week 5 Sept. 40/2 The publication of a..book called ‘An Introductory Bibliography of Motivation Research’. 1960Times Rev. Industry July p. ii/2 Motivation research and ergonomics are but two examples of new terms... The one seeks the reasons for decisions and actions; the other is devoted to the study of man and his working environment. 1967M. Argyle Psychol. Interpersonal Behaviour ix. 153 A number of special methods are used in motivation research interviews to get at genuine feelings. 1968M. Richler Cocksure xxii. 139 The Motivation Research boys, the pollsters, covered America for us, and came back with 20,000 completed forms.
1954G. H. Smith Motivation Res. i. ii. 23 In order to do profitable work at this level, the motivation researcher should be familiar with the major concepts of psychiatry and abnormal psychology. 1967G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 45 ‘Motivation researchers’, those grave⁓diggers of literate speech, tell us that the perfect advertisement should neither contain words of more than two syllables nor sentences with dependent clauses.
1954G. H. Smith Motivation Res. v. xvii. 206 Perhaps the best single person to guide a motivation study is a social psychologist. |