| 释义 |
supersede, v.|s(j)uːpəˈsiːd|
Forms: 5–9 supercede, (6 Sc. -ceid, 6–7 -sead, -e, Sc. 6–7 -seid, 7 -cid, -seed), 6– supersede.
[a. OF. superceder, later -seder, ad. L. supersedēre (in med.L. often -cedere) to sit above, be superior to, refrain from, omit, in med.L. to succeed to an estate, f. super- super- I, II + sedēre to sit. Cf. It. soprassedere, Sp. sobreseer.]
†1. trans. To postpone, defer, put off, suspend the execution of. Sc. Obs.
1491Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 196/2 He sall supercede þe payment of þe said vc frankis. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. xxi. (S.T.S.) I. 214 Þe equis and Wolschis wald supersede þare batall na langare bot quhil þe recent doloure of þare last discomfitoure war ourepast. 1580–1Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. III. 346 His Majestie..will caus superceid the executioun of rigour of his lawis..aganis thame for sum ressonable space. 1618Ld. Dunfermline Let. in G. Seton Mem. vi. (1882) 126, I..am content ye superseid the outredding of the warke, till your leisour and commoditie permitt you to see it donne. 1646Sir T. Hope Let. in Misc. Scott. Hist. Soc. (1893) I. 135, I sall labour..to supercid the bargen of the land to zour awin coming.
†b. To defer taking action with respect to; to put aside (a thing); to put off (a person). Sc. Obs.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. xxi. (S.T.S.) I. 214 Thus mycht nowthir þare weris be supersedit [orig. omitti] nor ȝit clerely dantit. Ibid. iv. xxii. II. 130 How þe romanis send þare legatis to Veanis to desire reddres..; how þe veanis war supersedit for þe Civil divisioun amang þame. 1591Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 572 Johne Chalmer..promest faithfullie to caus him compeir the said day..and the thesaurar hes superceidit him quhill the said day.
†c. intr. or absol. To defer action, to delay, hesitate. Sc. Obs.
c1550Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 164 Without mair baid thay wald not superseid. Ibid. 624 To clym ȝone Cord faith I will superseid. 1639Sir T. Hope Let. in Misc. Scott. Hist. Soc. (1893) I. 110 If ye resolue to supercid at hir request till Witsonday.
†d. intr. for pass. To be postponed. Sc. Obs.
1569Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. I. 687 His bill of complaint; quhairupoun answer wes to superceid quhill his Graces cuming.
†2. trans. To desist from, discontinue (a procedure, an attempt, etc.); not to proceed with. Obs.
1527St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 246, I could not see, but Your bothe Majesties must supersede and give place to your ardent appetites, in concluding of the said mariage. 1589Warner Alb. Eng. vi. xxxiii. (1612) 162 Then beleeue I loue it more Than that for other law than Life to Supersead my Clame. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 250 But I shall supersede this endless attempt. 1687in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 256 Wee doe hereby direct you..to supersead and forbeare all prosecution. 1709Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) II. 165 His warrant for superseding the Execution. 1721Col. Rec. Pennsylv. III. 142 [That] the new road now complained of by the Petitioners be for the present Superseded. 1750Carte Hist. Eng. II. 361 The king..superseded all his other preparations for the invasion of Scotland.
†b. intr. To desist, forbear, refrain. Const. from the action, or inf. Obs.
a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 88 The king tuik werie heavie witht this heigh contempt bot superceidit for the tyme. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 127 Of vthiris Magistratis to make mentione,..I superseid and pas ouir. 1624Bp. R. Montagu in Cosin's Corr. (Surtees) i. 24. I have sent for my papers from my Lord Keper, and have them: therefore let your Lord supersede from asking. 1644[H. Parker] Jus Populi 19, I shall have occasion to be more large hereafter upon this, and therefore I now supersede. 1706T. Lining in A. Shields Church-Communion A 4, Lest I should darken counsel by Words without Knowledge, I shall supersede. 1850F. W. Newman Phases of Faith 177, I therefore quite supersede to name the many other difficulties in detail.
†c. trans. To cause to forbear, to restrain. Obs.
1675V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo Pref., I was superseded a while by a more weighty Consideration.
†3. To refrain from (discourse, disquisition); to omit to mention, refrain from mentioning. Obs.
1586Warner Alb. Eng. iii. xviii. 74 Ye Mars-stard Pichtes..Ye Dardan Brutes,..I superseade the rest: Ye come to fight. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 230, I superseed any further discourse heereof, till we come to the declaration of the greater beast. 1671R. Bohun Wind 35, I supersede many remarks from our Sea voyages;..and shall instance only two. 1675V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo i. 27 Of which supposed Order..I shall supersede any further Disquisition at present. 1689T. Plunket Char. Gd. Commander, etc. Ded. 93 One thing..I cannot supersede,..And that is,..Here to record what should be known to all.
†4. To put a stop to (legal proceedings, etc.); to stop, stay. (Cf. supersedeas.) Obs.
a1662Heylin Laud (1668) 111 Inhibiting all Processes, and Superseding all proceedings against Recusants. 1812Examiner 25 May 324/2 Bankruptcy Superseded. J. Boone, Piccadilly, haberdasher. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot., Supersedere, is..a private agreement amongst creditors..that they will supersede or sist diligence, for a certain period.
b. Law. To discharge by a writ of supersedeas.
1817W. Tidd Pract. Crts. King's B. & Com. Pleas (ed. 6) I. xiv. 371 If the defendant be superseded, or supersedeable, for want of proceedings before judgment, the plaintiff may nevertheless take or charge him in execution, at any time after judgment. 1831–2[see supersedable].
†5. To render superfluous or unnecessary; to preclude the necessity of. Obs.
1663R. Loveday's Lett. To Rdr., This ingenuous Author, whose blamelesse repute, and fair deportment..superseded all censure. 1673Lady's Call. ii. iii. §1 Widowhood, which tho it supersedes those duties which were terminated merely in the person of the husband, yet it endears those which may be paid to his ashes. 1684Ray Let. to H. Sloane 11 Feb., It is not my intention to supersede the use of any approved botanic authors. a1699Stillingfl. Serm. John iv. 24 Wks. 1710 I. 609 The Gospel doth not supersede any Reasonable Duties of Divine Worship. 1729Butler Serm. Pref., Wks. 1874 II. 21 Resentment cannot supersede the obligation to universal benevolence. 1797Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. 1808 VIII. 289 The mortal animosity of the regicide enemy supersedes all other panegyrick.
†b. With dat. of the person: To spare a person (trouble). Hence, to relieve (a person) from a task. Obs.
1657Sanderson Serm. Pref. §5 Much of which having..received its answer beforehand..might supersede me the labour of adding any more now. 1660Stillingfl. Iren. ii. v. §1 (1662) 200 Three might have been superceded from our former labour, but that [etc.].
6. To make of no effect; to render void, nugatory, or useless; to annul; to override. ? Obs.
1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. viii. 117 A superannuate Creature, who (notwithstanding that her yeares did supercede her vocation) prudently shifted her Trade into that of a Matron. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. (1677) 60 The contrary command of the Will supersedes the command of the Appetite; the Appetite desires it, but the Hand is forbidden by the Will to reach it. 1790Burke Rev. France 312 The municipalities supersede the orders of the assembly, and the seamen in their turn supersede the orders of the municipalities. 1791Cowper Iliad xv. 128 How vain..the hope to supersede His purpose. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India iv. ix. II. 287 A power of superseding the operations and suspending the authority of the Presidents and Councils. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India i. vii. I. 417 When in this capacity he superseded all other rights. 1863D. Wilson Preh. Ann. iii. vi. (ed. 2) II. 160 The Norman invader superseded Anglo-Saxon institutions.
†b. spec. To dissolve by writ of supersedeas.
1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3860/4 The said Commission is superceded under the Great Seal of England.
7. pass. To be set aside as useless or obsolete; to be replaced by something which is regarded as superior.
1642J. M[arsh] Argt. conc. Militia 16 Our judgement is bound up in, and superseded by theirs [sc. the parliament's]. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 964 To that alone the Bridegroom's wedded, The Bride a Flam that's superseded. 1697C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 205 This whole Chapter of Burrough's Trumpet..was stifled and superseded by these same Prophets, in the New Edition of Burrough's Works, 1672. 1788Priestley Lect. Hist. iv. xviii. 155 In this method, the process of the mind, of reducing intervals of time to lines is superseded, and done in a more accurate manner. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. i. 233 This Celtic race was superceded by invading Goths. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome I. Pref. p. vi, When this work must be superseded by a more perfect history. 1878C. Stanford Symb. Christ i. 24 From the necessity of its present perfection it can never be superseded by an arrangement more complete. 1884F. Temple Relat. Relig. & Sci. i. 8 The examination of this fact led to the old rule being superseded.
8. To take the place of (something set aside or abandoned); to succeed to the place occupied by; to serve, be adopted or accepted instead of.
1660Pepys Diary 3 July, The Officers and Commissioners of the Navy we met..and agreed upon orders for the Council to supersede the old ones. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. xxiii. 376 The statute of Elizabeth..supersedes and repeals all former statutes. 1835Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) III. iii. 34 [The Athenæum] is the fashionable paper now, having superseded the ‘Literary Gazette’. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 96 The work of living men not superseding, but building itself upon the work of the past. 1861Brougham Brit. Const. x. 138 The services of the crown vassals superseded salary in the civil as well as pay in the military department. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 530 Oxen were superseding horses in farm-work. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §5. 388 Carpets superseded the filthy flooring of rushes. 1913Act 3 & 4 Geo. V, c. 20 §54 In no case shall oaths of verity or credulity supersede production of legal evidence.
9. To supply the place of (a person deprived of or removed from an office or position) by another; also to set aside or ignore in promotion, promote another over the head of; pass. to be removed from office to make way for another.
1710Swift Let. to Dr. Sterne 26 Sept., He is not yet removed, because they say it will be requisite to supersede him by a successor, which the queen has not fixed on. 1760Caut. & Adv. Off. Army 149 His Majesty..superseded the Ensign, and gave his Commission to another. 1851Hussey Papal Power ii. 62 Hilary..deposed one [bishop], and superseded another who was sick..by ordaining one in his place. 1868E. Edwards Ralegh I. xviii. 362 Whilst he was yet on his journey..he had been already superseded in his office. 1870Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Sept. 11/2 The lady superintendent has been ‘superseded’ on account of her inability to account for certain sums of money.
b. To supply the place of (a thing).
1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Pers. 841 note, The genuine ῥῆσις has certainly been superseded. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets xi. 344 To expurgate the Greek Anthology of Cephalas from impurities and to supersede it by what he considered a more edifying text.
10. Of a person: To take the place of (some one removed from an office or † promoted); to succeed and supplant (a person) in a position of any kind.
1777Robertson Hist. Amer. ii. (1783) I. 191 Francis de Bovadilla..was appointed..to supersede him, and assume the government of the island. 1799Nelson 25 Mar. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 306 Captain Maling takes his passage to supersede Captain Nisbet in the Bonne Citoyenne. 1828Sir W. Napier Penins. War ii. iii. (1878) I. 71 Sir Charles Cotton, after superseding Sir Sidney Smith, had blockaded the mouth of the Tagus. 1848Dickens Dombey lviii, This was the very Mrs. Wickam who had superseded Mrs. Richards as the nurse of little Paul. 1878Lecky Eng. in 18th Cent. I. i. 150 His brilliant and impetuous colleague was in both quarters rapidly superseding him.
Hence superˈseded ppl. a.
a1831A. Knox Rem. (1844) I. 86 Superstition—such as the Jews retained for their superseded law. 1883Century Mag. Sept. 645 The superseded constable's prosecution for ‘railing’ at the marshal who supplanted him! 1906Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt vii. 56 [Seb] was the ‘prince of the gods’,..the superseded Saturn of Egyptian theology. |