| 释义 |
▪ I. dolly, n.1|ˈdɒlɪ|
[f. doll: see -y.]
1. A familiar pet-form of the name Dorothy (= doll n.1 1).
1610B. Jonson Alch. iii. iii, (To Dol Common), So much the easier to be cozen'd, my Dolly. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Spir. Laws Wks. (Bohn) I. 70 The great soul incarnated in some..Dolly or Joan.
2.
†a. A female pet or favourite. Obs. slang.
b. A drab, slattern, useless woman. dial. or colloq.
1648Herrick Hesper., Lyrick to Mirth (1869) 38 Kisse our dollies night and day. 1706E. Ward Hud. Rediv. II. v. 13 And so away he led his Dolly. 1828Craven Dialect, Dolly, a slattern. 1883Almondb. & Huddersf. Gloss. s.v., ‘He's got a maungy dolly for a wife.’ 1873Dixon Two Queens I. iii. vi. 149 Puebla..took his seat at table with these dollies and their mates.
c. A girl or woman, esp. a young, attractive one. colloq.
1906E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands xiv. 181 Now I wouldn' turn it [sc. beer] down fer ther toffest Dolly on ther block. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §382/2 A female, esp. a girl or young woman,..dolly. Ibid. §427/3 Cute girl,..dolly. 1968Observer (Colour Suppl.) 21 Jan. 5/1 Every bird, dolly, housewife, and career girl in Britain today owes something to the ladies on the left. 1968Daily Mirror 20 Aug. 9/3 He is very gone on girls, is always falling wildly in and out of love with dishy dollies.
3. a. A pet name for a child's doll. (Also treated as the personal name of a female doll.)
1790Morison Poems 82 (Jam.) Like a dally drawn on delf Or china ware. 1865E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune I. 143 A ragshop, with its black dolly dangling over the door. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 137/2 Dolly as a baby, as a girl, as a young lady, as a lady.
b. Cricket (colloq.). (a) A donkey-drop (see donkey 3 b); (b) a very easy catch (cf. dolly a. sense b).
1906A. E. Knight Complete Cricketer 344 Donkey-drop or dolly, a slang term for slow, dropping bowling. 1956N. Cardus Close of Play 78 But he might give Mr. Champain an over or two of his ‘dollies’. 1969P. Dickinson Pride of Heroes 40 Sir Ralph bowls me a dolly, watches me cart it for six, and records his admiration.
4. Applied to various contrivances fancied to resemble a doll in some way.
a. dial. A wooden appliance with two arms, and legs or feet, used to stir and twirl clothes in the wash-tub, called a dolly-tub; also called dolly-legs or dolly-stick, peggy, maiden. The name is sometimes less correctly given to the tub, and extended to mechanical contrivances fulfilling the same purpose; also to an apparatus for agitating and washing ore in a vessel; and to a beetle for linen, beating hemp, etc.
1792W. Roberts Looker-on No. 41 The Dumb Dolly, or a machine for washing, is recommended. 1828Craven Dialect, Dolly..a washing tub. 1840Spurdens Suppl. to Forby, Dolly, a beetle used in ‘bunching hemp’, as a punishment, in bridewell. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Dolly, in mining parlance a perforated board, placed over a tub containing ore to be washed, and which being worked by a winch-handle, gives a circular motion to the ore. 1869R. B. Smyth Goldf. Victoria 609 Dolly, an instrument used by diggers for dividing and mixing the tough clay or cement with water in the puddling-tub. 1877Holderness Gloss. s.v., Dolly-tub, a barrel-shaped machine for washing clothes which are stirred about with a pronged-instrument, called a dolly-stick. 1884Athenæum 26 Apr. 533/1 One sort of dolly is a barrel-formed tub, in which a beater is worked by hand up and down. 1892Northumbld. Gloss., Dolly, a clothes washing stick, made with feet, but otherwise like a poss-stick. 1894Superfl. Woman (ed. 4) I. 159 [The] dolly-tub stood with some of the wet linen hanging on the side.
b. Pile-driving. A short length of timber or metal set on the top of a pile to act as a buffer between it and the ram; also used to lengthen the pile when driven out of the reach of the ram; a punch.
1838Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. ii. (1846) 22 Cast-iron dolleys, weighing about 13/4 cwt., were fitted to the tops of the main piles to receive the blows. 1868Minutes Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. XXVII. 318 A timber dolly was used between the pile and the ram.
c. Austral. Gold-fields. A rude appliance somewhat on the principle of a pile-driver, used to crush auriferous quartz.
1869R. B. Smyth Goldf. Victoria 609 Dolly..a log of wood shod with iron and suspended from a sapling over a stump, and used in the early days for crushing quartz. 1880Sutherland Tales Goldf. 75 For the purpose of testing the quartz they employed a very primitive apparatus, which the miners call a dolly.
d. A machine for punching iron; a tool used in forming the head of a rivet.
1848Inv. Wallsend Colliery (Northumbld. Gloss.), A punching dolley, 16½ cwts. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xvii. 340 The holder-up..after having driven the head [of the rivet] well up by a few heavy blows, holds upon it with a large hammer or a tool called a ‘dolly’. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 134/2 A workman..presses against the head with..a mass of iron termed a ‘dolly’.
e. A contrivance with a covering of rags, polish, etc., used in various trades for polishing.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 213 Wooden dollies of suitable shape covered with the finest doe skin and rotated in the lathe are used. 1891Sheffield Gloss. Suppl., Dolly, a wheel covered by rags, and used by cutlers in polishing their wares.
f. colloq. and dial. A binding of rag round a hurt finger, etc.
1888in Berksh. Gloss.
g. An apparatus for street gambling. (See quot. 1873.)
[1851–61Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 6 (Hoppe) The proprietors of Street Games, as swings..down-the-dolly, spin-'em round, [etc.]. ]1873Slang Dict., Dolly..consisting of a round board and the figure of an old man or ‘Dolly’, down which was a spiral hole. A marble dropped ‘down the Dolly’, would stop in one of the small holes or pits (numbered) on the board. 1891Daily News 5 Sept. 7/3 The stock-in-trade of the offenders, chiefly roulette tables and ‘dollies’, being destroyed by order of the Court.
h. A small platform on wheels or rollers, used as a truck or conveyance; spec. a mobile platform on wheels on which a film- or television-camera can be moved about; (see also quot. 1955). orig. U.S.
1901Merwin & Webster Calumet ‘K’ vi. 104 Other gangs were carrying them [sc. planks] away and piling them on ‘dollies’ to be pulled along the plank runways to the hoist. Ibid. xiii. 246 And every stick that leaves the runway has got to go on a dolly. 1929Bookman Feb. 622 ‘Moving in’ or ‘trucking up’ means wheeling the camera (on a small rubber tired wagon or ‘dolly’) closer to the characters. 1937Electronics June 14/3 The camera is mounted in a mechanically controllable mount, and this in turn may be placed on a movable platform or ‘dolly’ so that it can be moved about over the set. 1948Time 21 June 1/2 With a heavy truck and a tractor pulling, and one of these dollies under each corner, the derrick..was moved 3½ miles. 1955Amer. Speech XXX. 91 Dolly, a retractable support for a semi-trailer when it is not connected to a tractor. 1961G. Millerson Television Production iii. 27 Two small cranes (or power-operated dollies) and two pedestal cameras will meet the reasonable demands of even an elaborate drama production. 1970Commercial Motor 25 Sept. 101/2 Converter dollies for use with standard haulage semi-trailers.
i. S. Afr. A lure for fish (see quot. 1957).
1930C. L. Biden Sea-angling Fishes of Cape 136 The lure or ‘dolly’ as the fishermen term it. 1957S. Schoeman Strike! 117 Professional fishermen catch thousands [of snoek] on ‘dollies’, which are cigar-shaped pieces of lead..with a large barbless hook attached. A few thin strips of shark skin or pork rind or even a piece of red rag or silver paper is tied to the shank of the hook.
j. Electr. Engin. (See quot.)
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 257/2 Dolly, the operating member of a tumbler switch; it consists of a small pivoted lever projecting through the outer cover.
5. attrib. and Comb. as dolly-land; (sense 4 h) dolly camera, dolly-pusher, dolly shot; dolly-bag = Dorothy bag; dolly-bar, ‘a block or bar in the trough of a grindstone which is lowered into the water to raise the latter against the face of the stone by displacement’ (Knight Dict. Mech.); dolly-legs: see 4 a; dolly-man, (a) one who keeps a dolly-shop; (b) one who works with a dolly; dolly mixture, a mixture of tiny coloured sweets of various shapes; also transf., fig. and attrib.; dolly-mop (slang), a drab; dolly-pedal, a tool used by chainmakers in welding the ends of a link; dolly peg dial., a wooden implement, shaped like a stool with a long handle projecting upwards from it, used for agitating clothes in a wash-tub; = sense 4 above; cf. peggy n. 3; dolly-shop, a marine store, a shop where rags, bottles, etc. are bought, frequently having a black doll hanging outside as a sign, and often serving as a low or illegal pawn-shop; dolly-tub: see 4 a. (Cf. also dolly a. c.)
1926R. H. Mottram Crime at Vanderlynden's 29 She carried the day's takings clasped to her breast, in a solid little leather *dolly-bag. 1958Birmingham Even. Mail 27 Mar. 6/6 Dollybags swinging from the arm.
1958M. Dickens Man Overboard ii. 30 The cameraman..climbed up to his perch on the big *dolly camera.
1869Lonsdale Gloss., *Dolly-legs, an implement with five or six legs for washing.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 110 A poor person driven to the necessity of raising a few pence..goes to the *dolly-man.
1957R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy vi. 167 The ‘*dolly-mixtures’ pleasures of a constant diet of odd snippets, of unrelated scrappy facts, each with its sugary little kernel of ‘human interest’. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. ix. 166 Other current sweet-shop favourites appear to be the same as thirty years ago, in fact bull's eyes, jelly babies, and dolly mixture have entered schoolchild language as descriptive nouns. Ibid. 169 A chap who has got duck's disease is..labelled..dolly mixture (after a species of very small sweet).
1833Marryat P. Simple iv, His liberty's stopped for getting drunk and running after the *Dolly Mops! 1894Du Maurier Trilby (1895) 58 A dirty, drabby, little Dolly-mop of a Jewess.
1879–81G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 122 *Dolly-peg, an implement similar in intention to the dolly, but differing from it in form and mode of action. 1917Harrods Gen. Catal. 1111 (caption) Dolly Peg..2/9. 1987Spectator 11 July 25/1 A woman came every Monday to do the household laundry with a tub and a dolly-peg.
1956H. Grisewood in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowledge iii. 423 These various sorts of structores and imaginarii were the *dolly-pushers, the cameramen..of the ancient world.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. (1861) II. 110 The *dolly-shops are essentially pawn-shops, and pawn-shops for the very poorest.
1933in C. Winchester World Film Encycl. 481/2 ‘*Dolley shot’, a moving camera shot.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. (1861) II. 110 The *Dolly system..The name is derived from the black wooden doll, in white apparel, which generally hangs dangling over the door of the marine-store shops.
Hence ˈdollydom = dolldom (see after doll n.1).
1882Society 30 Dec. 9/2 Dollydom is a vast study now.
▪ II. ‖ dolly, n.2 Anglo-Indian.|ˈdɒlɪ|
[ad. Hindī ḍālī.]
‘A complimentary offering of fruit, flowers, vegetables, sweetmeats and the like, presented usually on one or more trays; also, the daily basket of garden produce laid before the owner by the Mālī or gardener’ (Yule).
1860Russell Diary India II. xi. 202 In the evening the Rana's dolly, or offering, was brought in. 1889March. Dufferin Viceregal Life in India ii. (1890) 51 A native gentleman sent me what they call a ‘Dolly’, which is really a trayful of presents.
▪ III. dolly, a.|ˈdɒlɪ|
[f. doll n.1 + -y.]
a. Like a doll; dollish, babyish; also, stupid, foolish.
1852Dickens Bleak Ho. (1853) 276 A dolly sort of beauty perhaps. 1865― Mut. Fr. i. iv, ‘You are a chit and a little idiot..or you wouldn't make such a dolly speech’. 1886Baumann Londinismen 43/2 Dolly, dumm. 1922Joyce Ulysses 759 Grinning all over his big Dolly face..didnt he look a balmy.
b. In games, esp. Cricket, denoting a very easy catch, shot, etc. colloq.
1895Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., Such a dolly-catch. 1903Jessop in H. G. Hutchinson Cricket v. 130 These simple ‘dolly’ catches are much more difficult to hold than those from hard drives. 1909Westm. Gaz. 2 Mar. 12/2 Till then he had played a grand game, and had saved many clever shots, only in the end to be beaten by a ‘dolly one’. 1955Times 11 July 4/3 Lane-Fox..failed to get to the pitch of the ball and cocked up a dolly catch.
c. Usu. applied to a girl: attractive; fashionable. colloq.
1964Telegraph (Brisbane) 6 Apr. 8/1 Take note, girls... Our London men report that you haven't really been given top-of-the-pops praise by your boyfriend unless he has called you a Dolly Bird. 1967Sun 22 Feb. 6/6 Dolly, groovy, cool, hippy, fashionable. 1967Punch 6 Dec. 872/2 It studies tradition, ‘dolly girls’, protest, pop, film stars, pop art and the American influence. 1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird vi. 89 The Chinaman..really was dolly, with a long yellow face. 1971‘R. Crawford’ Badger's Daughter i. i. 13 You'll have to take..that dolly-bird you hide in Romford with you.
Hence ˈdolliness.
1889Mrs. Alexander Crooked Path I. vi. 193 Her greatest charm..was her dolliness.
▪ IV. dolly, v. orig. dial. and techn.|ˈdɒlɪ|
[f. dolly n.1 4.]
1. a. trans. To stir or wash (clothes) in a dolly-tub (see dolly n.1 4 a); to beat (linen).
1847–78in Halliwell. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Dolly, to wash linen, etc. with the dolly-legs.
b. Smelting and Chain-making: To beat (red-hot metal) with a hammer, dolly, etc.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 85 These lumps..are drawn from the furnace and dolleyed, or beaten into cakes with hammers. 1886[see dollying below].
c. Gold-mining. To crush (auriferous quartz) with a dolly (see dolly n.1 4 c); to obtain (gold) by this process; also of the quartz: To yield (so much gold) by this method.
1894Dundee Advertiser 5 July 4 The men are now ‘dollying’ 1000 ounces a day. 1895Chamb. Jrnl. XII. 668/1 He dollied, or ground, his little bits of rock by means of a contrivance resembling a pestle and mortar. 1896Daily News 23 Jan. 9/5 This has the richest stone we have got so far, it dollies about 8 grains to the pound.
d. To prettify; to doll up (see doll v.2).
1958Listener 13 Nov. 768/2 You go home and dolly them [sc. the songs] up a bit. 1961C. H. Douglas-Todd Popular Whippet 37 At all events, ‘dollied up’ or not, a tea-chest makes a most effective indoor kennel. 1966Economist 12 Nov. 709/3 Last minute painting and dollying up is done with the flag poles in position. 1968R. V. Beste Repeat the Instructions xiii. 139, I didn't imagine you were the sort of spiv who would take a bribe however it was dollied up.
2. intr. (colloq.) To move a film- or television-camera in or up towards the subject, or out away from it. Cf. dolly n.1 4 h. Also fig.
1939L. Jacobs Rise of Amer. Film xxii. 442 The traveling of sound is like panning or dollying of the camera. 1957R. Longrigg Switchboard ii. 123 Dolly up a bit, Steve... Dolly up, you clot. 1961Guardian 13 Oct. 5/2 As if this were the opening of a..television programme, you ‘dolly up’ to its owner. 1965Listener 11 Feb. 238/3 The camera..remains static and does not ‘dolly in’ for a close-up, or alternatively ‘dolly out’.
3. Cricket (colloq.). trans. and intr. To toss or hit (the ball) up in a slow arc, offering: (a) an easy, playable delivery; (b) a simple catch. Of the ball: to present itself as a ‘dolly’ catch to a fieldsman. Also fig. See dolly n. 3 b.
1963A. Ross Australia 63 v. 115 He danced out to Titmus, was not quite at the pitch, and the ball, taking the outside edge, dollied up to Trueman at short extra. 1969R. Illingworth Spinner's Wicket xii. 92 Brian..was waiting square in the legside field when the ball dollied to him. 1985Listener 18 Apr. 29/1 Can they identify a picture of the Liverpool festival garden centre? Silence. Chairman Ray Alan dollies up an underarm ‘scouse house’ as an extra clue, but still there is total bafflement.
Hence ˈdollied ppl. a., ˈdollying vbl. n. (also attrib.); also ˈdollier.
1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton II. x. 138 He had been engaged in ‘dollying’ and a few other mischievous feats in the washing line. 1882N. & Q. 28 Oct. 349/2 The soiled clothes are immersed in water in the dolly tub..then the dolly is plunged into the mass [of clothes] and worked by the dollier by both arms. 1886Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 11/1 This ‘dollying’ process is effected by a hammer, which by means of a spring and wooden pedal, is made to strike the already roughly joined link till the two ends are so welded together that the joining is scarcely noticeable. All hand-wrought chain above three-eighths of an inch in diameter is known as ‘dollied’.
▪ V. dolly
obs. Sc. form of dowie a. |