| 释义 |
▪ I. divorce, n.|dɪˈvɔəs|
Also 4–5 de-, dy-, divors, 4–6 de-, dyvorse, 4–7 devorce, 5 devourse, 5–7 divorse, 6 dyvorce.
[a. F. divorce (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = It. divorzio, Sp., Pg. divorcio:—L. dīvortiu-m (dīvertium) separation, dissolution of marriage by consent, n. of action f. dīvertĕre (earlier dīvortĕre) to turn aside, spec. of a woman, to separate from or leave her husband.]
1. Legal dissolution of marriage by a court or other competent body, or according to forms recognized in the country, nation, or tribe.
Formerly and still often (e.g. historically or anthropologically) used in the widest sense; hence, including the formal putting away of, or separation from, a spouse by a heathen or barbarian; the pronouncing a marriage to have been invalid from the beginning owing to fraud, or to legal, canonical, or physical incapacity of the parties, as in the ‘divorce’ of Henry VIII from Catherine (now called in English Law decree of nullity), and the ‘divorce a mensa et thoro’ (from bed and board), long the only ‘divorce’ recognized by English law, but now, since 1857, called ‘judicial separation’. But, in strict legal use, now applied in English-speaking countries only to the dissolution by decree of court of what was in itself a legal marriage, upon grounds sanctioned by the law, and upon evidence accepted by the court.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 175 Owre synne to suffre, as auoutrie and deuo[r]ses. 1393Ibid. C. xxiii. 139 He made leel matrimonye Departe er deþ come and a deuors shupte. c1400Apol. Loll. 72 Be ware of making of mariagis, & of diuorsis or dipartingis. 1520Caxton's Chron. Eng. vii. 80/1 In the same yere was made a dyvorce bytwene the kynge of Fraunce and the quene his wyfe. 1611Bible Jer. iii. 8, I had put her away and giuen her a bill of diuorce. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 31 The Cardinall did intreat his Holinesse To stay the Iudgement o' th' Diuorce. 1709Addison Tatler No. 20 ⁋2 A Method of obtaining a Divorce from a Marriage, which I know the Law will pronounce void. 1765–9Blackstone Comm. (1793) 559 In cases of total divorce, the marriage is declared null, as having been absolutely unlawful ab initio..for which reason..no divorce can be obtained, but during the life of the parties. 1893Earl Dunmore Pamirs I. 337 This..widow marries the first man that takes her fancy: as..she can get a divorce for the modest sum of threepence-halfpenny.
2. transf. and fig. Complete separation; disunion of things closely united.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 26 Anticrist haþ so weddid þes goodis wiþ preestis þat noon may make þis dyvors. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4775 Bischope Eardulphe..To þe blisse of heuen wende, Fra þis werlde made deuorse. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1050 To suffre devorce or departyng betwene his soule and his body. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 394 To make diuorce of their incorporate League. 1680Boyle Scept. Chem. i. 41 Without..having their coherence violated by the divorce of their associated parts. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 110 'Tis hard to make a Divorce between things that are so near in Nature to each other, as being convertible Terms. 1852H. Rogers Ecl. Faith (1853) 304 The divorce between the ‘spiritual faculties’ and the intellect..is impossible.
†3. That which causes divorce or separation.
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 932 Hateful divorce of love',—thus chides she Death. 1607― Timon iv. iii. 382 [To the Gold] O thou sweete King-killer, and deare diuorce Twixt naturall Sunne and sire.
4. attrib., as divorce-court, etc.
a1806Horsley Sp. Adultery Bill (R.), Expatiating..upon..the perversion as well as the abuse of many divorce-bills which had passed the legislature. 1837Penny Cycl. IX. 40/1 Divorce bills have not improperly been called the privilege of the rich. 1891Law Times XCII. 104/2 A point of Divorce law and practice. 1905Macm. Mag. Nov. 57 Is it an ill thing that the newspapers should publish detailed reports of divorce-suits? 1945Divorce case [see at prep. 40]. 1955M. Gluckman Custom & Conflict in Afr. iii. 79 Social factors and not only personal disharmonies may control divorce-rates in Western society. 1960Spectator 23 Sept. 444 Where people aren't brittle and promiscuous and divorce-prone.
▪ II. divorce, v.|dɪˈvɔəs|
Forms: see prec.
[a. F. divorce-r (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.):—med.L. dīvortiāre to dissolve a marriage (Du Cange), f. L. dīvortium: see prec.]
1. trans. To dissolve the marriage contract between (husband and wife) by process of law; to separate by divorce from.
1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxiii. 86 The Kynge..sayde if yt were true, she shuld frome hym be deuorcyd. 1536Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 41 The King was divorsed from his wife Queene Anne. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 70 The byshoppe of Wynchester that was than was devorsyd from hys wyffe in Powlles, the whyche was a bucheres wyff of Nottynggam, and gave hare husbande a sartyne mony a yere dureynge hys lyffe. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iv. i. 32 By the maine assent Of all these Learned men, she was diuorc'd, And the late Marriage made of none effect. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §57 (1740) 260 When that extraordinary Law passed, to divorce the Earl of Ross from his Wife. 1771Hooke Rom. Hist. xi. iv, Scribonia was divorced from him [Octavius] the very day she was brought to bed of the famous Julia.
b. refl.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. i. 247, I here diuorce my selfe, Both from thy Table, Henry, and thy Bed. 1886F. M. Crawford Lonely Parish xiv, Mrs. G...seemed never to have thought of divorcing herself from her husband.
c. intr. (for refl.)
1643Milton Divorce i. iv, The reasons which now move him to divorce, are equal to the best of those that could first warrant him to marry. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. V, Wks. (1711) 100 King Henry, impatient of delays and amorous, divorceth from his own queen, and marrieth Anne Bullen. 1875Poste Gaius i. Comm. (ed. 2) 116 Justinian enacted that a man or a woman who divorced without a cause should retire to a cloister.
2. trans. To put away (a spouse); to repudiate.
1387[see divorcing below]. 1526–34Tindale Matt. v. 32 Whosoever maryeth her that is devorsed breaketh wedlocke. c1550Cheke Matt. v. 31 Whosoever divorceth his wife let him give her a diuorsment bil. a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 161 Another allows a man to divorce that wife he hath upon sleight occasions, and to take another. 1771Hooke Rom. Hist. Index, Antony..divorces his wife, and marries Fulvia..Declares Cleopatra his wife. Divorces Octavia. 1837Penny Cycl. IX. 40/1 By the Mohammedan law a man may divorce his wife orally and without any ceremony..He may divorce her twice, and take her again without her consent; but if he divorce her a third time..he cannot receive her again until she has been married and divorced by another husband.
3. To dissolve (a marriage or union). arch.
1580Sidney Arcadia iii. Wks. 1724 II. 545 The cruel villain forced the sword..to divorce the fair marriage of the head and body. 1643Milton Divorce i. x, An unlawful marriage may be lawfully divorced. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 243 When death divorces such a fellowship.
4. fig. To separate; to sever, cut off, part.
1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. xx, Howe his goste and he were deuorced. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 89 It was sometime divorced from the continent by a water. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. ii. v. §5 Were it consonant vnto reason to diuorce these two sentences? 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 29 The King divorced himself from the Church of Rome. 1784Cowper Task i. 748 Till..knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. ix. 192 Divorced from matter, where is life?
†b. intr. (for refl.) Obs.
1687Dryden Hind & P. iii. 205 Divorcing from the Church to wed the dame.
5. trans. fig. To put away, remove, dispel; to repudiate.
a1592Marlowe & Nashe Dido iii. ii, Fair queen of love, I will divorce these doubts. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. iv. 9 The man That would diuorce this terror from my heart. 1675tr. Machiavelli's Prince xii. (Rtldg. 1883) 77 In time of peace they [mercenaries] divorce you. 1712Blackmore Creation vi, The pipe distinguished by its gristly rings To cherish life aerial pasture brings, Which the soft-breathing lungs with gentle force Constant embrace by turns, by turns divorce. 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., Rococo 30 Say March may wed September And time divorce regret.
Hence diˈvorced ppl. a.; diˈvorcing vbl. n.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 139 Guynuld..gaf to her housbonde a perpetuel dyvorsynge and forsakynge. 1535Coverdale Lev. xxi. 14 No wedowe, ner deuorsed, ner defyled..but a virgin of his awne people shal he take to wife. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. xi. Wks. (1847) 95 1 Why do we not say as to a divors't wife. 1645― Tetrach. Deut. xxiv. 1–2, The divorcing of an Israelitish woman was as easy by the law as the divorcing of a stranger. 1861Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne ii. xi, To marry a divorced woman. |