| 释义 |
dittany|ˈdɪtənɪ|
Forms: 4 ditoyne, 5 dytan(e, diteyne, di-, dytayne, detane, 5–6 detany, -ie, 6 ditanie, dittayne, ditten, 6–7 ditany, dittani(e, (7 dittamy, diptani), 6– dittany. Also β. 6–7 dictam, 7 dictamne, dictamen; γ. (in Lat. forms) 6 dictamus, dictanum, (dictamion), 6–7 dictamnus, dictamnum.
[repr. OF. ditan (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ditain, diptam, dictam, later diptame, dictame, -amne:—med.L. dictamus, -um, L. dictamn-us, -um, Gr. δίκταµνον, reputed to be f. Δικτή, the mountain Dicte in the island of Crete, where (among other places) the herb grew. It is not easy to account for the English forms in -ayne, -any. But the word suffered great perversion in other langs. also: thus med.L. had also diptamnus, diptamus, diptanus, ditanus, etc.: cf. also Pr. diptamni (Littré), It. dittamo.]
1. A labiate plant, Origanum Dictamnus, called also Dictamnus Creticus or dittany of Crete; formerly famous for its alleged medicinal virtues.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xlix. (1495) 632 Diptannus..is of so grete vertue that it dryueth and putteth out yren out of the body, therfore beestys smyte wyth arowes ete therof. a1400Pistill of Susan 114 Daysye and Ditoyne, Ysope and Aueroyne. 1513Douglas æneis xii. vii. 74 Venus..Caucht rewth and piete of hir sonnys diseis, And from the wod of mont Ida in Creit, Vp hes scho pullit dictam, the herb sweit. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. i. xvii. 31 b, As the Harte stryken with an arrow driueth it out with Detany. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xix. xvii, An herb whose vertue was to staunch the blood, As Dittany. 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxii. 310 Dittany of Crete has the small purple flowers collected in loose nodding heads. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. ii. 484 Fresh dittany beloved of wild goats.
b. fig. (From the supposed power of Cretan dittany to expel weapons.)
1623Sir E. Digby Sp. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 134 We shall receive from his Royal Hand that Dictamen which must expel these Arrows that hang in the sides of the Commonwealth. 1624Bp. Hall Serm. v. 190 The shaft sticks still in thee;..None but the Sovereign Dittany of thy Saviour's Righteousness can drive it out. 1639T. Brugis tr. Camus' Mor. Relat. 297 But this newes..was a forcible dittany to drive this arrow out of the wound. 1860Trench Serm. Westm. Abb. xv. 179 The arrow which drinks up his spirit, there is no sovereign dittany which will cause it to drop from his side.
†2. Applied to another labiate, Marrubium Pseudodictamnus, also called bastard dittany. Obs.
1552Huloet, Dittayne, called false dittayne, herb, condris. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxxviii. 267 The second kinde which is called Pseudodictamnum, that is to say Bastarde Dictam, is much like vnto the first..sauing that it is not hoate. 1611Cotgr., Dictame bastard, Bastard Dittanie; somewhat resembles the right one. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii, Pseudo-dictamnus..Bastard Dittany.
3. The English name for the genus Dictamnus (family Rutaceæ); esp. D. Fraxinella (bastard dittany), and D. albus (white dittany).
[1551Turner Herbal i. O iv, Dictamnus growith no where ellis that I knowe of, sauynge only in Candye..Many haue abused fraxinella for thys herbe.] 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 177 Take..of white diptani,..of goates beard,..of each one handfull. 1611Cotgr., Dictame blanc, tragium, fraxinella; called also bastard, or false Dittanie; and oft mistaken..for the right Dittanie. 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xix. 266 White Dittany or Fraxinella. 1866Treas. Bot., Dittany, Bastard, Dictamnus Fraxinella.
†4. Erroneously applied to Pepperwort, Lepidium latifolium (family Cruciferæ): see dittander 1.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 34 Some cal Lepidium also Dittany. 1573Tusser Husb. xlv. (1878) 97 Detanie, or garden ginger. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. lxvi. 631 heading, Of Dittander Dittany, but rather Pepperwurt.
5. Applied to various plants resembling the above in appearance or properties; esp. in U.S. to Cunila Mariana (family Labiatæ).
1676T. Glover Virginia in Phil. Trans. XI. 629 Here is also an herb which some call Dittany, others Pepper⁓wort; it is not Dittany of Candia, nor English Dittander. 1693J. Clayton Acc. Virginia in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 352 They fetched some of the Herb which they call Dittany, as having a great Traditionary Vertue for the Cure of Poisons. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 26 Snake-Root is called by some Dittany. 1854–67C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Cunila Mariana, dittany; mountain dittany; stone-mint; a plant possessing stimulant, carminative, and aromatic properties. |