| 释义 |
sultana|səlˈtɑːnə, sʌl-|
Also 7 sultanna, 9 sultanah; pl. 7 sultanaes, 7–8 -a's.
[a. It. (Sp., Pg.) sultana fem. of sultano sultan.]
1. a. The wife (or a concubine) of a sultan; also, the queen-mother or some other woman of a sultan's family.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xviii. 51 The Sarail of Sultana, wife to the great Turke. 1599Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (Hakluyt Soc.) 60 One houre after him [sc. the Grand Sinyor] came the Sultana his mother. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. xv. §1. 1581 The Queene, the other Sultanaes, and all the Kings women. 1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2198/1 The Grand Signior offers all his Treasure to be employed in the War. The Sultana 4000 Purses, of 500 Crowns each. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 509 The bright Sultanas of his Court Appear. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 467/1 A Sultana, inclosed in a Seraglio, shall govern the whole Ottoman Empire. 1822Byron Juan vi. lxxxix, Rose the sultana from a bed of splendour. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 231 Had not Hadassah been a sultana in the seraglio of Xerxes?
b. transf. and fig.
1838Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 232 Took my place in the front of Nell's box, between two very pretty sultanas she had provided for me, Georgiana O'Kelly and Miss Burne. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xlviii, The elderly sultanas of our Vanity Fair. 1850― Pendennis vii, It was hard..that the matron should be deposed to give place to such a Sultana. 1864Rawlinson Anc. Mon., Assyria vii. II. 168 The monarch and his sultana.
2. A mistress, concubine.
1702Farquhar Twin-Rivals v. i, I'll visit my Sultana in state. 1796C. Smith Marchmont I. 78 A person who in youth only was superior to his reigning Sultana. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxvi, The favourite sultana of the last Laird, as scandal went—the housekeeper of the present. 1885Molloy Royalty Restored II. 83 Her card tables were thronged by courtiers eager to squander large sums for the honour of playing with the reigning sultana.
fig.1813Byron Giaour 22 The Rose,..Sultana of the Nightingale. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey iii. vi, Shine on, (bright moon) sultana of the soul!
†3. = sultanin. Obs. rare—0.
1656Blount Glossogr., Sultanin, or Sultana, a Turkish coin of gold worth about Seven shillings six pence.
†4. = sultane 3. Obs.
a1693Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xlvi, Those great Ladies..with their Flandan, Top-knots and Sultana's. 1693Southerne Maid's last Prayer ii. i, [It] wou'd as ill become me, as a Sultana does a fat body.
†5. A Turkish war-vessel. (Cf. sultane 4.) Obs. exc. Hist.
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Sultana is also a Turkish Vessel. 1733Budgell Bee I. 74 The Grand Seignior is equipping a Squadron of Ten Sultana's. 1738Gentl. Mag. VIII. 167/2 The Fleet for the Black Sea will be reinforc'd by several Sultanas. [1810Naval Chron. XXIV. 377 The term Sultana is a nonentity.] 1935P. P. Argenti Occupation of Chios by Venetians (1694) p. xxxix, The enemy fleet..consisted of twenty great sultanas, and thirty galleys and galliots, all under the command of the Capoudàn Pasha.
6. Any bird belonging to either of the genera Porphyrio and Ionornis, found chiefly in the W. Indies, southern U.S.A., and Australia; the purple gallinule or porphyrio. Also attrib.
1837Partington's Brit. Cycl., Nat. Hist. II. 609/2 Sultana Hen (Gallinula porphyrio). 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 249 The Common Sultana (Fulica porphyrio, Lin.), a beautiful African species. 1870Gillmore tr. Figuier's Reptiles & Birds 297 The Hyacinthine Gallinule..or Sultana Fowl, is..an exaggeration of the Water Hen. 1872A. Domett Ranolf xiv. iv, Black Sultana-birds.
7. In full sultana raisin: A kind of small seedless raisin produced in the neighbourhood of Smyrna and other parts of Turkey, Greece, and Australia.
1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 274/1 Muscatels, blooms, sultanas, raisins of the sun, and lexias. 1855E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxi. 442 Sultana raisins are well adapted to these puddings, as they contain no pips. 1873Punch 27 Dec. 262/1 Oysters, forcemeat balls, plovers' eggs, and Sultana raisins. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 258/2 Sultana seedless raisins are the produce of a small variety of yellow grape. 1920C. L. T. Beeching Mod. Grocer & Provision Dealer III. viii. 163 The sultana raisin may be said to share in the good qualities of both the currant and the Valencia. 1938C. J. Elliott Retail Grocery Trade xii. 108 The Australian sultana is a little larger than the Turkey and Smyrna variety. 1966A. Uttley Recipes from Old Farmhouse 58 Add one ounce of sugar and one ounce of sultanas.
8. A confection of sugar.
[1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Sultane (Fr.),..among Confectioners, a kind of Sugar-work made of Eggs, Powder-sugar, and fine Flower.] 1862Francatelli Royal Eng. & For. Confect. 282 A Sultana made of Spun Sugar in the form of a Summer Bower.
9. (See quot.)
1875Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Sultana, a violin with strings of wire in pairs, like the cither or cittern. It was similar to the Streichzither.
10. = busy Lizzie s.v. busy a. 11; patient Lucy s.v. patient a. 5.
1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling xxvi. 360 The church was decorated with..donations of house plants; sultanas and geraniums, aspidistras and coleas [sic]. 1977[see patient a. 5].
11. attrib. and Comb.: sultana grape, the white seedless grape from which sultanas are made; sultana mother, the mother of the reigning sultan; sultana queen, the favourite concubine of a sultan; hence, a favourite mistress; also fig. (See also 6 and 7.)
1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 666 *Sultana Grape... The white or yellow grape..produces the Sultana raisin. 1931C. L. T. Beeching Law's Grocer's Man. (ed. 3) 513/2 The vine which grows the sultana grape is vigorous and upright. 1979Illustr. London News Jan. 66/3 The sultana grape vineyards start a few kilometres to the east of Ayios Nikolaos.
1695Lond. Gaz. No. 3088/2 Who was advanced to that Station by the Interest of the *Sultana Mother. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. xiii. vii. 326 The greatest part..he sent to the sultan, the sultana mother, and the kislar aga.
1668Dryden Secret Love iii. i, You are my *Sultana Queen, the rest are but in the nature of your Slaves. 1845Disraeli Sybil v. i, The victim of sauntering, his sultana queen.
Hence sulˈtanaship, the position of a sultana.
1847James Russell vi, ‘Very well, then,’ he rejoined, with a bitter sneer, ‘you will soon be one of a harem! I wish you joy of your sultanaship!’ |