| 释义 |
acquired, ppl. a.|əˈkwaɪəd|
[f. acquire v. + -ed.]
Gained or obtained by one's own exertion; gained, in contradistinction to innate or inherited. a. gen.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 201 No, this thrice worthy and right valiant Lord Must not so staule his Palme, nobly acquir'd. 1651Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 35 Acquired Wit, I mean acquired by method and instruction. 1790Burke Fr. Revol. Wks. V. 96 Illustrious in rank, in descent, in hereditary and in acquired opulence. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey vii. v. 415 His natural habits as a boy and his acquired habits as a courtier. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets ii. 63 Empedocles possessed more acquired and original knowledge than any of his contemporaries.
b. In specific senses and phrs.: (a) Med. (See quots.) acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a syndrome more commonly known as AIDS.
1842Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 3) 20/1 Acquired Diseases, diseases which occur after birth, and which are not dependent upon hereditary predisposition. 1934Ann. Reg. 1933 64 Salaman described what is apparently a clear case of acquired immunity to potato virus in tobacco plants. 1961Webster Acquired: of disease or abnormal states, developed after birth (acquired heart disease)—opposed to congenital. [1980T. Morito et al. in Krakauer & Cathcart Immunoregulation & Autoimmunity 39 (heading) Suppressor cell activity in human cord blood and in acquired immune deficiency states.] 1982Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Rep. (U.S. Centers for Dis. Control) 24 Sept. 507 Between June 1, 1981, and September 15, 1982, CDC received reports of 593 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 1984McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1985 66/2 The 1980s will be associated with the new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a far more devastating and mysterious disease.
(b) acquired taste, a taste (for a food or drink) that is gained by experience; also transf. applied to any thing or person for which or for whom one has acquired a liking (as distinct from a natural or spontaneous taste).
1858Illustr. News of World 24 July 55/3 A yielding to the acquired taste of tobacco cannot be gratified for any length of time without..affecting the breath. 1881Ogilvie (Annandale) s.v., Abilities natural and acquired; an acquired taste. 1885W. S. Gilbert Mikado ii. 43 He would have loved me in time. I am an acquired taste.
(c) acquired character [character n. 8 b], acquired characteristic, Bot., Zool., a development in an individual plant or animal occurring during its lifetime through the influence of its environment. (Cf. Lamarckian a.)
[1794E. Darwin Zoonomia I. §xxxix. 503 Many of these acquired forms or properties are transmitted to their posterity.] 1876E. R. Lankester tr. Haeckel's Hist. Creation I. ix. 204 We may first divide all the different phenomena of inheritance into two groups, which we may distinguish as the transmission of inherited characters, and the transmission of acquired characters. 1893Parker & Rönnfeldt tr. Weismann's Germ-Plasm iv. xiii. 392 By acquired characters I mean those which are not preformed in the germ, but which arise only through special influences affecting the body or individual parts of it. 1899W. Z. Ripley Races of Europe (1900) xiv. 382 Whether the short stature of the Jew is a case of an acquired characteristic which has become hereditary, we are content to leave an open question. 1926J. S. Huxley Essays Pop. Sci. ii. 22 So-called ‘acquired characters’, in other words modifications caused by the environment..are not inherited at all, or else to such a slight degree as not to be of any great importance in heredity and evolution. 1945B. Russell Hist. West. Philos. (1946) xxi. 753 If, as Lamarck held,..acquired characteristics were inherited. 1958Times 1 July 11/7 Since acquired characters are not inherited, the supply of heritable variation is indeterminate and blind. |