| 释义 |
▪ I. suffering, vbl. n.|ˈsʌfərɪŋ|
[f. suffer v. + -ing1.]
†1. Patient endurance; long-suffering. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxvi. 20 Suffire þat þou suffirs for god and of god, for wa is þaim þat losis suffrynge. 1382Wyclif James v. 11 Ȝe herden the suffring [gloss, or pacience] of Job.
2. The bearing or undergoing of pain, distress, or tribulation. In early use const. of the thing suffered.
c1340Hampole Prose Treat. 5, I ȝode by sufferynge of werynes and I fand Ihesu wery in þe way. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 304 Wilful sofforyng of deþ. 14..Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 277 In suffryng Of trokys [? crokys] & naylis clynkyng. 1534Tindale Heb. ii. 9 Jesus which is crouned with glory and honour for the sofferinge of death. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. liii. §1 Both working of wonders and suffering of paines. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. ii. 71 I'th state of hanging, or of some death more long in Spectatorship, and crueller in suffering. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 375, I..to the evil turne My obvious breast, arming to overcom By suffering. a1716South Serm. (1823) IV. 401 The Christian religion..[is] a religion teaching suffering, enjoining suffering, and rewarding suffering. a1845S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 142 Suffering is not a merit, but only useful suffering. 1873Mozley Univ. Serm. viii. (1876) 192 The generous suffering of one person for another.
attrib.1662W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. iii. v. ii. §1 Even he comes forth to meet thee,..willing to impart some of his Suffering-skill unto thee.
†b. The action of suffering death; execution; martyrdom. Obs.
1651G. Fox in Jrnl. (1911) I. 14 Two men sufferd for small thinges: & I was moved..to Incourage ym concerneinge there suffringe. a1700Evelyn Diary 12 Nov. 1644, The suffering of St. Laurence painted a fresca on the wall.
c. The incurring of loss. rare.
1805Collingwood Let. in Daily Chron. (1905) 10 July 3/4 This Great day has not been without a considerable suffering on our part in loss of Officers and Men.
3. A painful condition; pain suffered.
c1392Chaucer Compl. Venus 45 Thus be we euyr in drede and suffrynge. a1771Gray Dante 66 Far less shall be Our Suffering, Sir. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. xxii, All suffering doth destroy, or is destroy'd, Even by the sufferer. 1829Lytton Devereux iv. i, I rose from the bed of suffering and of madness,..altered, but tranquil. 1890Science Gossip XXVI. 53/2 It is just those energetic, matter-of-fact people, who..are the most likely to interfere and to aggravate suffering.
b. In particularized use, chiefly pl.
1609Daniel Civ. Wars iv. lxxv, Future ill On present suffrings, bruted to aryse. 1611Bible Rom. viii. 18 The sufferings of this present time. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 26 Of worse deeds worse sufferings must ensue. 1736Butler Anal. i. ii. Wks. 1874 I. 35 We cannot find by experience, that all our sufferings are owing to our own follies. 1764Burn Poor Laws 197 The sufferings indeed of the poor are less known, than their misdeeds. 1780Bentham Princ. Legisl. xiv. §1 This is a suffering common to all. 1862M. Napier Mem. Claverhouse II. 84 All were expected, under the Orange Revolution, to contribute a suffering, however small, to this grand Commination of the governments of the Restoration. 1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 221 She is callous to his sufferings.
c. In the Society of Friends, the hardships of those who were distrained upon for tithes, etc. Meeting for Sufferings: an organization for investigating and relieving these: see also quot. 1906.
1657G. Fox Epistles No. 141 All Friends everywhere, that are in any sufferings, let your sufferings be gathered up together in every County. 1661F. Howgill in Extr. St. Papers rel. Friends Ser. ii. (1911) 129 Wee haue made it our work to collect vp all the sufferings from all partes & to make what vse wee cann of them. 1683S. Meade in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1914) Oct. 165 An exact Acct of all your sufferings..sent up hither to the meettinge of sufferrings, in order to bee putt to the rest of ffriends sufferrings, yt are presented to y⊇ Kinge. 1708Chamberlayne M. Brit. Notitia i. iii. i. 200 Their Meetings..are..Monthly, Quarterly, Yearly, Second-Days Meetings, and Meeting of Sufferings. 1837W. Allen Jrnl. in Life (1847) III. 265 Fifty Friends of the Meeting for Sufferings met. 1906Christ. Discipl. Soc. Friends II. xi. 59 The Meeting for Sufferings (so called from the nature of its original object) is a standing representative committee of the Yearly Meeting, and is entrusted with a general care of whatever may arise during the intervals of the Yearly Meeting affecting the Society.
†4.
a. Permission.
b. Tolerance. Obs.
c1460Oseney Reg. 135 Frere William Sutton By þe suffryng of god Abbot of Oseneye. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxciii. 677 Ye haue had a fayre sufferyng. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 315 About the sufferring of ane day of law anens the clairk of Sanctandros. 1637Decr. Star Chamber in Milton's Areop. (Arb.) 15 He..shall first giue notice..of such demise, or suffering to worke or print there.
†5. Passive reception of action. Obs.
1548Vicary Anat. ix. 79 Lyke as the Renet of the Cheese hath by him selfe the way or vertue of working, so hath the mylke by way of suffering. 1587Golding De Mornay xiv. 241 What els is corrupting, but suffering? And what els is suffering, but receyuing?
▪ II. ˈsuffering, ppl. a.
[f. suffer v. + -ing2.]
†1. That endures patiently, long-suffering; inured to suffering; submissive. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter vii. 12 God rightwis iuge, stalworth and soffrand. c1400tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 108 Þat þou ert..lastyng, wys, and sufferand. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xx. 244 He is curteis and mylde and the moost sufferynge man that euer I mette with al. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 130 Such suffering Soules That welcome wrongs. 1605B. Jonson Sejanus iv, Whome hee (vpon our low, and suffering neckes) Hath rays'd, from excrement, to side the Gods. 1679W. Penn in Wks. I. Penington (1784) I. p. x, By nature he was suffering to a degree of letting his mercy to others almost wound his own soul. 1694J. Kettlewell Comp. for Persecuted Wks. 1718 II. 295 O Almighty..God!..in these Suffering Times, give me a Suffering Spirit.
†2. Passive. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xii. (Bodl. MS.) In þe male beþ vertues formale and schaping..and in þe female materialle suffring and passiue. 1792Cowper Let. to Mrs. King 26 Jan., The infallible Judge of human conduct may possibly behold with more complacency a suffering than an active courage.
3. a. Of persons, their character, condition, etc.: That suffers, or is characterized by the suffering of, pain, affliction, or distress.
1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 178 Gentle maid Haue of my suffering youth some feeling pitty. a1643Ld. Falkland, etc. Infallibility (1646) 102 It is well knowne that..where both religions are professed..none be on the suffering hand but we, none persecutes but they. 1659Gentl. Calling Pref. §3 The Martyrologie even of these suffering times. 1687Dryden Hind & P. iii. 138 You have your day, or you are much bely'd, But I am always on the suff'ring side. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 11 We can feed and cloath hungry and naked Christ in his suffering Members. a1716South Serm. (1823) IV. 401 The Christian religion..is a suffering religion. 1790Burke Rev. France 123 Deserters from principle,..they never see any good in suffering virtue. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park I. xviii. 357 Such nature and feeling in it as must..make it a very suffering exhibition to herself. 1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 630 Many..live among their suffering fellow-men As if none felt. 1828Lytton Pelham II. xiii, Mr. Chitterling Crabtree..subscribed to the aid of the suffering friends of freedom. 1885Athenæum 18 July 79/3 Her verse is characterized by..keen sympathy with suffering man and woman.
b. In Puritan use, with reference to hardships endured for the sake of religion, esp. in suffering saint.
1661J. Perrot (title) To the Suffering Seed of Royalty, Wheresoever Tribulated upon the Face of the whole Earth. 1664Butler Hud. ii. ii. 406 That Sinners may supply the place Of suff'ring Saints is a plain Case. 1667Epil. Dryden's Secret Love, A whipt Fanatick who does not recant Is by his Brethren call'd a suffring Saint. [1682Claverhouse Let. to Queensberry 1 Mar., I would desire leave to draw out of the two regiments a hundred of the best musketeers had served abroad; and I should take horses here, amongst the suffering sinners.] 1896Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother 317 Harry was as yet scarcely in fit condition for any suffering-saint phase to be foisted upon him.
c. [After F. souffrant.] Ill, indisposed. rare.
1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate iii, My poor friend is very suffering and anxious to press on to Mentone.
d. suffering cat(s)! an exclamation expressing surprise or annoyance. Also the suffering Moses (cf. Moses 1 c), etc.
1869‘Mark Twain’ Innocents Abroad v. 52 The suffering Moses!—there ain't money enough in the ship to pay that bill! 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. vi. 134 ‘Sufferin' Christianity!’ sez Counahan (he always said that whin..he was not feelin' good). 1907S. E. White Arizona Nights xv. 217 Suffering cats, think how that fellow sized us up for a lot of pattern-made fools. 1931S. Lewis Sel. Short Stories (1935) 162 Suffering cats! You might have been one of your uncles still puttering around with dirty pitchforks back on the farm! 1948G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites v. 122 She doesn't think I've got any guts.’ ‘Well, sufferin' cat! What does she want? Alexander the Great?’ 1977J. Porter Who the Heck is Sylvia? vi. 54 Oh, suffering cats, with that bunch of lecherous thugs it could have been anybody!
†4. transf. Becoming impaired by use. Obs.
1601B. Jonson Poetaster i. i. 77 The suffering ploughshare, or the flint may weare.
5. Comb., as suffering-minded adj.
1598Chapman Iliad v. 276 Most suffering-minded Tydeus sonne.
▪ III. suffering
obs. or illiterate f. sovereign n. |