| 释义 |
▪ I. disintegrate, v.|dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt|
[f. dis- 6 + integrate v.]
1. a. trans. To separate into its component parts or particles; to reduce to fragments, break up, destroy the cohesion or integrity of (as by mechanical or atmospheric action). Also fig.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 99 Marlites..are not disintegrated by exposure to the atmosphere. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. vii. 49 The adjacent rocks..were disintegrated. 1864Daily Tel. 20 Sept., Most valuable for the purpose of blasting or disintegrating rocks. 1874Helps Soc. Press. xxii. 333 Bricks..entirely disintegrated by the corrosive influence of the London atmosphere.
fig.1837Hallam Hist. Lit. ii. iii. §13 A fanatical anarchy, disintegrating every thing like a church. 1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. 121 The grazing farms were disintegrated. The cottages of the peasants had again their own grounds attached to them. 1876Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 7 Learning and ingenuity..expended in a hundred efforts..to disintegrate the Homeric Poems. 1879G. Meredith Egoist vii. (1889) 57 We cannot modify our class distinctions without risk of disintegrating the social structure.
b. To separate or break off as particles or fragments from the whole mass or body.
1873Tristram Moab iii. 40 The detached blocks, which have been disintegrated from the mass. 1876Brewer Eng. Studies ii. (1881) 57 ‘Their personal adventures’..cannot be disintegrated from the general body of our history without blurring its lineaments.
c. To cause (a substance or an atom or nucleus) to undergo disintegration.
1920Rutherford in Proc. R. Soc. A. XCVII. 394 Possibly the actual energy required to disintegrate the atom is small compared with the energy of the α-particle. Ibid. 395 No evidence has been obtained to show that helium can be disintegrated by the swift α-particles. 1932Cockcroft & Walton in Ibid. A. CXXXVII. 229 We describe experiments which show that protons having energies above 150,000 volts are capable of disintegrating a considerable number of elements. 1942J. D. Stranathan Particles v. 183 With these energetic particles it has become a relatively easy matter to disintegrate almost any atom.
2. a. intr. (for refl.) To become disintegrated, to break up.
18..R. Jameson (L.), On exposure to the weather it [chalk marl] rapidly disintegrates. 1851Richardson Geol. ix. 349 The absorption of oxygen and carbonic acid from the air causes rocks..to disintegrate. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. 336 The Church itself was fast disintegrating.
b. Of a nucleus or particle, or a radioactive substance: to undergo disintegration (see disintegration sense a, below); to decay (see decay v. 2 c).
1904F. Soddy Radio-Activity viii. 122 In the case of the disintegrating atoms the cause of the disintegration is at present unknown. It proceeds at a definite rate, a fixed fraction of the total atoms disintegrating in the unit of time, without hindrance or acceleration by any agency known... The internal energy of the chemical atom becomes for the first time knowable when it disintegrates. 1926R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity i. 4 We now define a substance as being radioactive when the atoms of which it is composed disintegrate spontaneously. 1942Ann. Reg. 1941 351 Those mesons born practically at rest disintegrate in the stratosphere into electrons. 1962H. D. Bush Atomic & Nuclear Physics iv. 73 Which nuclei disintegrate in a particular time interval is a matter of chance. 1963S. Tolansky Introd. Atomic Physics (ed. 5) xix. 321 Yukawa..postulated that the meson can spontaneously disintegrate, being in this sense radioactive.
▪ II. disˈintegrate, a. rare.
[f. dis- 10 + integrate a., after prec.]
Disintegrated.
1875G. Macdonald Malcolm III. x. 147 The disintegrate returns to resting and capable form. |