| 释义 |
▪ I. disguise, v.|dɪsˈgaɪz|
Forms: 4 degise, (-gyse, desgyze), 4–5 des-, disgise, -gyse, dysguyse, 5–6 disguyse, 5–7 desguise, 5– disguise, (6 disgease, 6–7 disguize; Sc. 6 dis(s)agyse, dissagyiss).
[ME. desgise-n, degise-n, etc., a. OF. desguisier, deguisier (11th c. in Littré), later desguiser, mod.F. déguiser, = Pr. desguisar, f. des-, de- (de- I. 6) + Romanic (It., Sp., Pg., Pr.) guisa, F. guise (11th c.), a. OHG. wîsa manner, mode, appearance (cf. wise n.): the primary sense was thus ‘to put out of one's usual guise, manner, or mode (of dress, etc.).’]
†1. trans. To alter the guise or fashion of dress and appearance of (any one); esp. to dress in a fashion different from what has been customary or considered appropriate to position, etc.; to dress up fantastically or ostentatiously; to deck out. Obs.
c1325Poem Times Edw. II, 255 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 335 Nu ben theih so degysed and diverseliche i-diht, Unnethe may men knowe a gleman from a kniht. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 24 In Cuntinaunce of cloþinge queinteliche de-gyset. c1400Rom. Rose 2250 He that loveth trewely Shulde..hym disgysen in queyntyse. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxix. 209 Mortimer disgised him with wonder riche clothes out of al maner reson both of shapyng and of weryng. 1539T. Chapman in Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) p. xv, The perfeccion of Christian livyng dothe not consiste in dome ceremonyes..disgeasing our selffes aftyr straunge fassions. 1563Hom. ii. Exc. Appar. (1859) 312 Many men care not what they spend in disguising themselves, ever..inventing new fashions.
†2. To make different in manner, mode, or dress (from others). Obs.
1340Ayenb. 97 Hi is zoþliche newe and desgised uram oþre laȝes. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems 90 (Mätz.) Amonges wymmen he spanne, In theyre habyte disguysed from a man. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. iv. 143 Thei ware disguised fro y⊇ commune maner of other.
†3. To transform; to alter in appearance (from the proper or natural manner, shape, etc.); to disfigure. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. I. 16 Þei scholden noght..The Papacie so desguise vpon diuerse eleccion. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xii. 18 Whyle he maketh many wordes, he shall dysguyse his countenaunce. a1550Dunbar's Poems, Freiris Berwick 474 Bot gif it wer on sic a maner wyiss Him to translait or ellis dissagyiss Fra his awin kynd in-to ane vder stait. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 49/2 He [Saint Paul] reproveth his enimies which disguised the lawe of God. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1452 Her cheeks with chaps and wrinkles were disguised; Of what she was no semblance did remain. 1697Dryden æneid (J.), They saw the faces, which too well they knew, Though then disguised in death.
4. To change the guise, or dress and personal appearance, of (any one) so as to conceal identity; to conceal the identity of by dressing as some one or in a particular garb. (Now the leading sense.)
c1350Will. Palerne 1677, & ȝef ȝe were disgised & diȝt on any wise..ȝe wold be aspied. 1393Gower Conf. II. 227 She cast in her wit..Hou she him mighte so desguise That no man shuld his body know. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 207 Robert the Bruce wnder the levis grene..Oft disagysit in ane sempill weid. 1555Eden Decades 176 They come disguised in an other habite. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 63 Disguised in the habit of a Turk. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 167 The shepherd's garb the woman shall disguise. c1850Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 297 She disguised him in woman's clothes. 1882Freeman Amer. Lect. v. 153 A friend disguised in the garb of an enemy. Mod. He attempted to escape disguised as a monk.
b. refl.
1340Ayenb. 158 Ine hou uele wyzen he [þe dyeuel] him desgyzeþ. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1570 (1577) Yn purpos gret, Hym self lyk a Pylgrym to degyse. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xiv. 2 Disguise the, so that no man perceaue that thou art Ieroboams wyfe. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 721 Wee man turne our claithis..And dis-agyse vs, that na man ken vs. 1611Bible 1 Kings xx. 38 The prophet..disguised himselfe with ashes vpon his face. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia xvi. 299 The wife of Milosch was obliged to disguise herself in the dress of a Servian female peasant.
5. To alter the appearance of (anything) so as to mislead or deceive as to it; to exhibit in a false light; to colour; to misrepresent.
1398Trevisa Barth. de P.R. xvii. vi. (Tollem. MS.), This Aloe Caballinum is disgised [sophisticatur] with pouder of safron and vynegre, yf it is ten siþes plungid þerin, and dryed. 1623Ld. Herbert in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 166 To palliate and disguise those thinges which it concernes them to knowe. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. ii. 11 Plato's custome to desguise the Traditions he received from the Jews. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. vii. 127 Some merchants endeavour to disguise and put off a bad commodity. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 254 To speak the truth, that was to say, substantial truth, a little disguised and coloured.
6. To conceal or cloak the real state or character of (anything) by a counterfeit show or appearance.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. i. 8 Then imitate the action of the Tyger..Disguise fair Nature with hard-fauour'd Rage. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. 740 This moving Court, that caught the Peoples Eyes, And seem'd but Pomp, did other Ends disguise. 1726Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 104, I think to disguise our Thoughts is an Art better lost, than learnt. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 203 A feint to disguise the real intention. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 32 The horse finds out who is afraid of it, and does not disguise its opinion.
7. To conceal or hide (a material thing) by any superficial coating or operation.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 165 Yet think not, that this Too-too-Much remises Ought into nought; it but the Form disguises In hundred fashions. 1738Wesley Hymns, ‘All Praise to Him’ ii, The deepest shades no more disguise Than the full Blaze of Day. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. i. iv. 66 The colouring particles..are there disguised by an alkali. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 116 An insulated cliff..being nearly perpendicular, is never disguised with snow.
b. To conceal the identity of under a different name or title.
1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 50 Whom we will disguise under the name of Anaclete. 1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) I. 69 The new title..did not disguise the old friend.
8. Electr. To conceal the presence of by neutralization; to dissimulate. (Usually in pass.)
1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. §278 When two insulated conducting bodies are differently electrified, and approached towards each other, so as to be within the influence of their mutual attraction..no signs of electricity are communicated by either to a pith ball electrometer connected with them..The electric fluids are thus said to become disguised, or paralysed, by their mutual attractive action. Ibid. §288 On turning the machine, the positive electricity accumulating in the inside of the battery becomes disguised by the inducting action of the outside coating.
9. To intoxicate (with liquor). arch. (pa. pple. still in slang use: see disguised 6).
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 184 Three cuppes full at once shall oft dysgyse thee. 1618Deloney Gentle Craft (1648) H iv b, We will get him out to the tavern and there cause him to be disguised, that he shall neither be able to stand nor go. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 138 It may so stupifie and disguise them, that they may be the more easily master'd. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. 250 Sure, fuddling a trade is Not lovely in Ladies, Since it thus can disguise a Soft sylph like Eliza.
†10. intr. To dissemble. Obs.
1580Sidney Arcadia (1622) 97 Zelmane..disguise not with me in words, as I know thou doest in apparell. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 24 But if I should..tell you..you might thinke I did not then disguize with you.
▪ II. disguise, n.|dɪsˈgaɪz|
Also 4 degise, -yse, 7 disguize.
[f. disguise v.]
†1. Alteration of the fashion of dress from that which has been usual; new or strange fashion (esp. of an ostentatious kind). Obs.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1518 In pompe and pride and vanite, In selcouthe maners and sere degyse Þat now es used of many wyse. Ibid. 1524 For swilk degises and suilk maners..Byfor þis tyme ne has noght ben. 1594Lodge Wounds Civ. War in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 143 Prisoners of divers nations and sundry disguises.
2. a. Altered fashion of dress and personal appearance intended to conceal the wearer's identity; the state of being thus transformed in appearance for concealment's sake.
13..Coer de L. 962 The kyng hym [a baroun] tolde..Hou he founde hym [Rychard] in disguise. 1605Shakes. Lear v. iii. 220 The banish'd Kent; who, in disguise, Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 214 In this extremity he left that City in disguise. 1726Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 125 His manner of going to the Appointment was in Disguise. 1758Johnson Idler No. 29 ⁋6 They concluded me a gentlewoman in disguise. a1839Praed Poems (1864) I. 8 'Twas a Fairy in disguise.
b. fig. A disguised condition or form. See also blessing vbl. n. 4 c.
1709Celebr. Beauties 10 in Poet. Miscell. (Tonson) vi. 514 Praise undeserv'd is Scandal in Disguise. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 52 His grief is but his grandeur in disguise. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 184 ⁋12 None can tell whether the good that he pursues is not evil in disguise. Mod. A blessing in disguise.
3. a. ‘A dress contrived to conceal the person that wears it’ (J.); a garb assumed in order to deceive.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. vii. 21 Magnificke Virgin, that in queint disguise Of British armes dost maske thy royall blood. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. ii. 78 Ned, where are our disguises? 1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gr. Brit. i. (1684) 120 In 1648 [the Duke] was..conveyed in a Disguise or Habit of a girl beyond sea. 1849James Woodman xiii, Now I bring you your disguise. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 395 You were wrapped in a goatskin or some other disguise.
b. transf. and fig.
1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. (1701) 1/2 Their glory being intercepted..by some later disguise of alteration or addition. a1674Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 193 Without any other clothing or disguise of words. 1789Belsham Ess. II. xxxiv. 248 This high-sounding language is merely the splendid disguise of ignorance. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. iv. 82 The passion obliged to act under a disguise becomes different in its nature from the open one.
4. Any artificial manner assumed for deception; a false appearance, a counterfeit semblance or show; deception.
1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 36 The Pilot (all disguise laid aside) said unto him. a1655Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 155 Naked of all humane disguizes. 1781Cowper Charity 558 No works shall find acceptance, in that day When all disguises shall be rent away That square not truly with the Scripture plan. 1838Thirlwall Greece V. xliii. 273 Philomelus now threw off all disguise. 1865G. Meredith Rhoda Fleming vi, Perfect candour can do more for us than a dark disguise.
5. The act or practice of disguising; concealment of the reality under a specious appearance.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. ii. 294 So disguise shall by th' disguised Pay with falshood false exacting. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. (1843) 373/2 Nor could he have been led into it..by any open..temptation, but by a thousand disguises and cozenages. a1720Pope Chorus Youths & Virgins 38 Hence false tears, deceits, disguises. 1746Wesley Princ. Methodist 9 With regard to Subtlety, Evasion, and Disguise. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 252 Thou friend..to whom I communicate without disguise the inmost secrets of my breast. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. ii. 32 The heathen defied the law within him. There was no disguise in Paganism.
†6. A masque; = disguising 3. Obs.
1622B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/2 Disguise was the old English word for a Masque. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 245 Masques (which they then called Disguises). c1630Milton Passion iii, O what a mask was there, what a disguise.
7. ‘Disorder by drink’ (Johnson).
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. vii. 131 Strong Enobarbe Is weaker then the Wine, and mine owne tongue Spleet's what it speakes: the wilde disguise hath almost Antickt vs all. 1622B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/1 Disguise! what mean you by that? do you think that his majesty sits here to expect drunkards?
8. Electr. See disguise v. 8.
1839G. Bird Nat. Phil. §286 In accordance with the conditions of the induction and disguise of electricity, it is obvious that an insulated jar cannot be charged. |