| 释义 |
subordination|səbɔːdɪˈneɪʃən|
[ad. late L. subordinātio, -ōnem, n. of action f. subordināre to subordinate. Cf. F. subordination (17th c.), It. subordinazione, etc.]
1. The arrangement of persons or things in a series of successively dependent ranks or degrees. † Also, an instance of this, a graded series of individuals or orders of beings. Now rare or Obs.
1616Bullokar Engl. Expos., Subordination, an appointing or placing of one thing vnder another. 1646H. Lawrence Commun. Angels 23 In this subordination, Angells come next to have an influence upon rationall creatures. 1672Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. i. (ed. 2) 2 Doth not Aristotle..prove, that in Subordination of Causes there cannot be a progresse into infinit[ud]e? 1684H. More Answ. 33 As if true Christianity took away all subordination of Ranks and Degrees in the world. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 9 ⁋8 The endless subordination of animal life. 1758J. Dalrymple Ess. Feudal Prop. (ed. 2) 200 The subordination of superior and vassal having soon ceased to be strict. a1804Gilpin Serm. III. xiv. 39 God hath bestowed..different talents on different men:..this subordination..pervades all the works of God. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. III. 347 By arranging them [sc. animals] according to a subordination unknown to Aristotle himself. 1864Bowen Logic iv. 89 The Relations..arising from the higher or lower position of a Concept in the series or hierarchy to which it belongs, are all denominated Relations of Subordination.
†b. The dependence of one part upon another in a piece of mechanism. Obs. rare.
1751Johnson Rambler No. 126 ⁋7 One bar was secured by another with such intricacy of subordination—that he was himself not always able to disengage them in the proper method.
†c. A rank in a graded series. Obs.
a1672Wilkins Nat. Relig. ii. iv. (1675) 333 Those several degrees and subordinations required to the order of the Universe. 1709Swift Adv. Relig. Wks. 1755 II. i. 104 Persons, who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the examples of their superiors. 1712Steele Spect. No. 438 ⁋4 All the different Species and Subordinations of the Angry. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 166 ⁋5 An insolent leveller,..eager..to confound the subordinations of society.
2. The condition of being subordinate, inferior, or dependent; subjection, subservience.
1651Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 315 From the Subordination of a Government, cannot be inferred the Subjection of the Governor. 1710Steele Tatler No. 69 ⁋1 If we take too great an Idea of the Eminence of our Superiors, or Subordination of our Inferiors. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 127 By making use of that dangerous Term, Subordination, in explaining the eternal Filiation of the Divinity of our Saviour. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. liii. V. 507 Their independent spirit disdained the yoke of subordination. 1855Brewster Newton II. xxii. 284 It might have been expected that a man of high principle would have kept in subordination his feelings as a rival. 1897C. Gore in Westm. Gaz. 13 Apr. 6/2 That..was no servile relationship, for subordination did not involve inferiority. 1910Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) XIII. 317/2 Without explaining the reason for the superior honour of the Saltire or for the subordination of the Quarter.
¶ under subordination: under control.
1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) I. 373 The forces on the side of Marius were the most numerous, but those of Sylla better united and more under subordination. 1802M. Moore Lascelles III. 190 Those whose actions are under the subordination of propriety.
b. Const. to. Phr. in († with) subordination to.
a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. viii. iv. §6 (1648) 190 That Civill Authority is from God, but not immediately through Christ, nor with any subordination to God. 1687Dryden Hind & P. ii. 371 Nor can a council national decide, But with subordination to her Guide. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 252 Escheat..operates in subordination to this more antient and superior law of forfeiture. 1868Milman St. Paul's xvii. 400 Porticos, large enough for effect, yet in humble subordination to the vast fabric which they enclose. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 91 The ground of all inferences is the subordination of the particular to the universal. 1884Law Rep. 14 Q.B. Div. 266 The local board..can only exercise their rights in subordination to the market rights.
†c. Subordinate agency. Obs. rare.
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 332 The like determination of the same Will was sufficient to form Man out of the Dust of the ground, without taking in a subordination or instrumentality of Angels.
d. Gram. The dependence of one clause upon another.
1857J. W. Gibbs Philol. Studies 115 When two propositions..are so united into a single thought or sentiment, that one proposition..forms the complement of the other proposition, the former proposition is said to be subordinate to the latter, and this kind of union is called subordination. 1892L. Kellner Engl. Syntax 54 The first step towards the development of grammatical subordination was the use of a pronoun or a demonstrative adverb connecting the two sentences.
3. The condition of being subservient to some end, object, or need.
1673Stillingfl. Serm. i. iv. 67 All this it doth by way of subordination to the great end of it, which is the promoting mens eternal happiness. 1790T. Bewick Hist. Quadr. 21 A striking example of this subordination to the interests of mankind. 1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 177/1 (Kant), The harmonious co-ordination of all things and their subordination to a general end. 1862Spencer First Princ. i. i. §2 (1875) 9 A certain subordination of individual actions to social requirements.
4. The condition of being duly submissive to authority or discipline; submission or subjection to the rule of a superior officer or the government of a higher power.
1736Butler Anal. i. v. 122 The Subordination to which they [children] are accustomed in domestic life. 1760Caut. & Adv. Off. Army 8 Subordination must be preserved in the Army. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. xlii, Capable of behaving with just subordination to our superiors. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. ii. viii. (1854) II. 120 They were without subordination, patience, industry, or any of the regular habits demanded for success in such an enterprise. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 9 There has been wilfulness when there should have been subordination.
5. Archit. The act or fact of forming arches into ‘orders’.
a1878G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) II. 75 The sub-ordination of arches, by means of which, instead of going square through the thickness of a wall, they recede in orders or arched rims, each narrower than that above it. 1910Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) II. 402/1 The subordination of arches (arches built in rings, or orders, recessed one within the other).
¶6. Misused for subornation.
1640Bp. Hall Episc. ii. xi. 138 Charge him with corruption, and subordination. 1643Baker Chron., Hen. VI (1653) 273 Unlawful proceedings are used by subordination of witnesses, embracery of jurors. 1694S. Bethel's Provid. God 76 The Subordination of Perjury. |