| 释义 |
▪ I. dirty, a.|ˈdɜːtɪ|
Also 6–7 durtie, durty.
[f. dirt n. + -y1.]
I.
1. a. Characterized by the presence of dirt; soiled with dirt; foul, unclean, sullied.
15..Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 143 Dryve downe the dyrty arses, all by deene. 1530Palsgr. 310/1 Dyrty with myers, boueux. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 405 You..in stormy weather, and durtie wayes..come tripping to mee in your silcken sleppers. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 75 Heere the maiden sleeping sound, On the danke and durty ground. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 133 A beastly Towne and durtie streets. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 64 Now 'tis Dirty with the feet of some that are not desirous that Pilgrims here should quench their Thirst. 1709Steele Tatler No. 35 ⁋1 Taking Snuff, and looking dirty about the Mouth by Way of Ornament. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. iii, Her apartment was larger and something dirtier. 1840― Old C. Shop iii, His hands..were very dirty.
b. Of the nature of dirt; mixed with dirt.
a1533Frith Wks. 136 (R.) To decline from the dignitie of diuinitie into the dirtie dregges of vayne sophistrye. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 41 All his armour sprinckled was with blood, And soyld with durtie gore. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iii. x. (1651) 106 Taking up some of the durty slime. 1842Abdy Water Cure (1843) 80 Covered with a dirty purulent mass. 1894Labour Commission Gloss. s.v. Coal, Dirty coal, pure coal mixed with stones, shale and other refuse.
c. That makes dirty; that soils or befouls.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VIII. 138 They partake of the same dirty drudgery with the rest. 1893J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 381 Whoever does hard work, or dirty work, as to the Lord, under the disguise of his soiled hands and garments, is putting on nobility.
d. dirty half-hundred: applied to the 50th foot (1st Battalion Royal West Kent), from the fact that, during the Peninsular war, the men wiped their faces with their black facings. dirty shirts: the 101st foot (1st Battalion Munster Fusiliers), from the fact that they fought in their shirt-sleeves at Delhi in 1857. (Farmer.)
1841Lever C. O'Malley xciv. (Farmer), A kind of neutral tint between green and yellow, like nothing I know of except the facings of the ‘Dirty half-hundred’. 1887Daily News 11 July (ibid.), As the old Bengal European Regiment..they had won their honourable sobriquet of the dirty shirts. 1892Ibid. 20 July 3/1 One who fought with the old ‘Dirty Shirts’ in the Sutlej campaign.
e. Phr. the dirty end (of the stick), the difficult or unpleasant part (in a situation). (See also stick n.1 15 e.)
1924‘Sapper’ Third Round vi. 167 I've been had for a mug. Somehow or other they've handed us the dirty end. 1930J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel v. 71, I guess I always get the dirty end of the stick, all right. 1936Wodehouse Laughing Gas v. 62, I mean what's downtrodden and oppressed and gets the dirty end of the stick all the time. That's me. 1957Listener 31 Oct. 681/2 The Indians [in Malaya]..may be given the dirty end of the stick.
f. transf. colloq. Not streamlined; opp. clean a. 13 c; spec. (a) of untidy or imperfect oarsmanship; (b) of the lines of an aircraft, used esp. of one with its landing gear unretracted.
1925‘Ian Hay’ Paid with Thanks xvi. 213 Stroke,..you have still got a dirty finish. 1932Flight 23 Sept. 891/1 One would imagine that what with the external wing bracing struts joining their lower ends to the hull on the chine, and with a planing bottom showing no flare or reversed curvature towards the chine, the boat would be extremely ‘dirty’ at certain running speeds. 1959Times 13 Mar. 18/1 They went up quickly, in spite of some dirty bladework. 1962Flight Internat. 1 Mar. 330/1 Stalling speeds clean and fully ‘dirty’ are almost 30 kt apart.
g. Of a nuclear weapon: having considerable radioactive fall-out. colloq.
1956Life 29 Oct. 44/1 The H-bomb..is a relatively ‘clean’ bomb unless it is made ‘dirty’ (more radioactive) by using the tremendous heat of fusion to set off another fission process. 1958Observer 13 Apr. 13/3 Those tests which are really hazardous to health—the tests of large ‘dirty’ H-bombs—cannot be held undetected. 1958New Statesman 9 Aug. 162/3 He had to..admit that the US is now deliberately withdrawing A-bombs from its stockpile in order to make them ‘dirtier’. They are then known as ‘salted’.
2. a. Morally unclean or impure; ‘smutty’. Spec. dirty book, a pornographic book; so dirty bookshop; dirty joke, dirty story, a ‘smutty’ joke or story; dirty weekend, a sexually illicit weekend.
1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 20 No such blaspheming nor dyrtie speaking as before. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. ii. i, Foul limmer, dritty lown! 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 111 (Case Consc.) Then I shall let him see I know he is a dirty fellow. 1783Blair Rhet. (1812) I. xv. 350 Disagreeable, mean, vulgar, or dirty ideas. 1850E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 206, I took it up by mistake for one of Swift's dirty volumes. 1912R. Brooke Let. 7 Aug. (1968) 392, I shall..repeat poetry to you; you will repeat dirty stories to me. 1913― Let. 22 May (1968) 461 We must do some show together..where poetry & music &..satire and suffering & dirty jokes & triumphal processions shall be..mixed together. 1916W. S. Maugham Writer's Notebk. (1949) 107 When at last he became more communicative it was..to show one a collection of dirty postcards. 1940G. Marx Let. 16 Dec. (1967) 189 A master comic, not a dirty line or joke in the entire two and a half hours. 1944‘G. Orwell’ Crit. Essays (1946) 125 The dirty post cards that used to be sold in Mediterranean seaport towns. 1959J. Braine Vodi xxiv. 250 Each had some kind of talent, even if it were only for billiards or dirty jokes. 1960Guardian 2 Nov. 11/2 For Lawrence to be confined always to dirty-book shops would be perhaps the greatest irony in literary history. 1963P. Moyes Murder à la Mode xii. 208 You and Veronica were going off for what, in my day, used to be called a dirty week-end. 1965K. Giles Some Beasts No More iv. 74 He was probably a messenger boy from the dirty book trade. 1969D. Barron Man who was There i. 21 An angry German at the Karachi customs who was being accused of smuggling dirty books into the country. 1969R. Quest Cerberus Murders xvii. 93, I get reasonably well paid—enough to enable me to..have a dirty weekend in Scarborough now and again. 1970B. Spock Decent & Indecent 51 Fear of sexual impotence is its most obvious aspect; this is an important ingredient of a large proportion of all jokes and dirty stories.
b. That stains the honour of the persons engaged; dishonourably sordid, base, mean, or corrupt; despicable. Colloq. phr. dirty work at the crossroads.
1670Cotton Espernon ii. v. 219 Branded with the durtiest and most hateful of all Crimes. 1674Essex Papers (Camden) 253 To me he called it a dirty trick. a1764Pulteney in Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. (1790) I. 26 Some Ministers..cannot do their dirty work without them. 1859Kingsley Misc. (1860) I. 39, I have done a base and dirty deed, and have been punished for it. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. lvii. 399 These two classes do the..dirty work of politics. 1914Wodehouse Man Upstairs 269 A conviction began to steal over him that in some way he was being played with, that some game was afoot which he did not understand, that—in a word—there was dirty work at the cross-roads. 1915‘Ian Hay’ First Hundred Thou. xvi. 221 That..usually means dirty work at the cross-roads at no very distant period. 1927R. Knox Three Taps v. 47 No question of accident..or of dirty work at the cross-roads? These rich men have enemies, don't they? 1960A. Christie Adv. of Christmas Pudding 184 Good for you, old boy. Some dirty work at the crossroads—eh?
c. Earned by base or despicable means.
1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 353 Shall praise..Earn dirty bread by washing æthiops fair? 1784Cowper Task iii. 808 Fish up his dirty and dependent bread From pools and ditches of the commonwealth. 1805Naval Chron. XIV. 17 Nor is there one single penny of dirty money.
d. Also absol. in phrase to do the dirty: to play a dirty trick.
1914Daily Express 13 Nov. 514 The Germans have been ‘doing the dirty’ on us by donning khaki and kilts to approach our trenches. 1915D. O. Barnett Lett. 157, I hope our friends the 133rd will..do the dirty on their Prussian friends. 1929J. B. Priestley Good Comp. iii. v. 607 Anyhow they did the dirty on yer. 1930R. H. Mottram Europa's Beast xii. 282 If you've been doing the dirty on my friends. 1942G. Kersh Nine Lives Bill Nelson iii. 15 It took me to do the dirty on him.
3. An epithet of disgust or aversion: repulsive, hateful, abominable, despicable.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. vi. 55 Those Who worship durty Gods. 1618Bp. Hall Serm. v. 111 To scorn this base and..dirty god of this world, and to aspire unto the true riches. 1712Addison Spect. No. 451 ⁋4 Every dirty Scribbler is countenanced by great Names. 1730Gay in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 111, I am determined to write to you, though those dirty fellows of the post-office do read my letters. 1819Byron Juan i. cli, 'Twas for his dirty fee, And not from any love to you.
4. Of the weather: Foul, muddy; at sea, wet and squally, bad.
1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. ii. 168 (L.) When this snow is dissolved, a great deal of dirty weather will follow. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 102 As soon as we came out to Sea, we had the same squally dirty Weather as before we came in. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy xix, It begins to look very dirty to windward. 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 404 Distinguished by the popular term of dirty spring, or mud season. 1890W. E. Norris Misadventure viii, He became aware that dirty weather was setting in.
fig.1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. iv. xxi, If they can..fire in upon us through our own ports, things would begin to look dirty.
5. a. Of colour: Tinged with what destroys purity or clearness; inclining to black, brown, or dark grey.
1665Hooke Microgr. 74 The fouler the tincture be, the more dirty will the Red appear. a1704Locke (J.), Pound an almond, and the clear white colour will be altered into a dirty one. 1823J. F. Cooper Pioneer xviii, The clouds were dense and dirty.
b. Prefixed, as a qualification, to adjectives of colour. (Usually hyphened with the adj. when the latter is used attributively.)
1694Scot in Acc. Serv. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 99 Both of them are of a dirty white, but the Eggs have black specks. 1796Withering Brit. Plants IV. 235 Pileus dusky greyish hue with a cast of dirty olive. 1836Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xxii. 309 The colour of the troubled waters upon it was of a dirty gray. c1865Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. 97/2 The spermaceti solidifies as a dirty-brown crystalline mass.
c. Of jazz music: having a slurred or rasping tone.
1927Étude May 339 (title) More hot and dirty breaks. 1952B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz (1958) x. 111 The brass smears and ‘dirty’ reed inflections then much favored by jazz musicians. 1955L. Feather Encycl. Jazz vii. 277 His plaintive tone and style, sometimes called ‘dirty’ and often employing ‘growl’ effects. 1963Listener 7 Feb. 264/2 The lady..had the ‘dirty’ tone and tough attack, while the man played straight and smooth.
6. Comb.
a. parasynthetic, as dirty-coloured, dirty-faced, dirty-handed, dirty-minded, dirty-shirted, dirty-shoed, dirty-souled. So dirty-face, a dirty-faced person; dirty-mindedness. Also dirty-looking adj.
1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4132/4 Wears a light dirty-coloured Coat.
1658Cokaine Trappolin v. iii, Goodman dirty-face, why did not you keep me these in prison till I bid you let them out?
1817W. Tucker Family Dyer & Scourer i. 7 A kind of dirty looking green. 1920D. H. Lawrence Lost Girl xiv. 325 There was a strange mountain town, dirty-looking.
1887Pall Mall G. 20 Aug. 7/1 It is not the weak but the dirty-minded Christians who see evil in ballet dancing.
1915F. M. Hueffer Good Soldier III. iv. 183 The sorts of dirty-mindedness that counsel in that sort of case can impute. 1935‘G. Orwell’ Clergyman's Daughter v. 289 Just generalised suspicion. A sort of instinctive rustic dirty-mindedness.
1823in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 34 The house too neat for a dirty-shoed carter to be allowed to come into.
1663Killigrew Parson's Wed. in Dodsl. O. Pl. (1780) XI. 392 She looks like a dirty-soul'd bawd.
b. Special comb.: dirty Dick, dirty John, popular names of species of Chenopodium; dirty dog slang, a despicable or untrustworthy person; also with implication of lasciviousness; dirty-filling (see quot.); dirty look colloq., a scowl, sour expression; dirty money (see quot. 1897); dirty old man slang phr., used with the implication of lasciviousness; dirty protest, a form of protest by prisoners (esp. those demanding political as opp. to criminal status in N. Irel.), in which they refuse to wash and deliberately foul their cells; cf. on the blanket s.v. blanket n. 3; dirty tricks orig. U.S., covert intelligence operations, esp. those carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency (the plans division of which was nicknamed the ‘department of dirty tricks’); now also applied to any underhand political activity designed to discredit an opponent; freq. attrib.; cf. sense 2 b above; hence dirty-trickery, dirty-trickster; dirty word, (a) a vulgar or ‘smutty’ word; (b) a word made disreputable by what are regarded as its discreditable associations; see also dirty Allan.
1878Britten & Holland Plant-n., Dirty Dick, Chenopodium album. Chesh. From its growth on dunghills.—Dirty John, Chenopodium Vulvaria. W. Chesh.
1928S. Vines Humours Unreconciled xv. 204 Who's been calling me a dirty dog, I should like to know. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. x. 189 Less specifically he [sc. the tell-tale] is a..‘dirty dog’,..‘spoil sport’. 1964J. Porter Dover One ix. 107 ‘Bit of a dirty dog, our Gordon Pilley,’ said Sergeant MacGregor with a smirk.
1894Labour Commission Gloss., Dirty Filling, loading the hutches or tubs with an excess of dirt in proportion to the quantity of coal.
1928J. P. McEvoy Showgirl xi. 164, I sneaked a peep across the room and caught Jimmy giving me a dirty look. 1933Punch 19 Apr. 444/1 It is therefore customary..to incline the head in the direction of the culprit, composing the features to an expression of great hatefulness but of even greater contempt. The correct adjustment of that expression constitutes the Dirty Look. 1934Wodehouse Right Ho, Jeeves xi. 137 Deprived of Anatole's services, all he was likely to give the wife of his b. was a dirty look.
1897S. & B. Webb Industr. Democr. I. 313 When any class of work involves special unpleasantness or injury to clothing, ‘black money’ or ‘dirty money’ is sometimes stipulated for. 1960Sunday Express 14 Aug. 1/1, 1,100 dockers..are claiming ‘dirty money’ for handling a cargo of red oxide.
1932R. Lehmann Invit. Waltz iii. xiv. 240 Mum thinks he's harmless... In fact she was quite umbrageous with me when I called him a dirty old man. 1942T. Rattigan Flare Path ii. ii. 137 You don't think I waited up for you, do you? Keeping the women company, that's all. Teddy. Then you're a dirty old man. 1957‘R. Gordon’ Doctor in Love i. 10 I'm going to stay a bachelor. Changing imperceptibly from gay young to dirty old. 1971D. Clark Sick to Death i. 9 A man of my age on the look out for a lovely young lass puts me into the dirty-old-man class.
1979Daily Tel. 12 Nov. 1/1 There were fears..that the next step by the Albany protesters could be Ulster-style ‘dirty protests’ in which cells are deliberately fouled with excreta. 1980Christian Science Monitor (Midwestern ed.) 4 Dec. 6/3 They had earlier been part of the ‘dirty protest’, which since 1978 has found some prisoners deliberately fouling their cells with human waste. 1986Dirty protest [see H-block s.v. H 2.]
1963J. Joesten They call it Intelligence v. 47 In the ‘Department of Dirty Tricks’,..our Intelligencers behave like babes in the wood. 1967Time 24 Feb. 16/3 Deputy to the chief of the plans division, the so-called ‘dirty tricks’ department. 1973Newsweek 28 May 38/3 Newsweek has also learned that at least two other Nixon dirty-tricksters were imitating Segretti's tactics around that time. 1974Ibid. 18 Mar. 26/2 Before the week was out, Mr. Nixon did a radio speech previewing his campaign-reform package, including proposed ceilings on individual gifts..shorter national campaigns and prohibitions against dirty-trickery. 1976Economist 16 Oct. 56/2 As for Watergate, Mr Weicker's record—and his strong stand against dirty tricks—should help him with many voters. 1984Listener 30 Aug. 34/1 They were some of the earliest exponents of dirty tricks and destabilisation.
1842S. Lover Handy Andy xiv. 126 ‘Don't say popery,’ cried the cook; ‘it's a dirty word! Say Roman Catholic when you speak of the faith.’ 1925New Yorker 19 Sept. 6, I shall insert into the second act of each play one of the three remaining Dirty Words that haven't yet been pronounced on the stage. 1937E. St. Vincent Millay Conv. Midnight i. 36 Charity is a dirty word, it's gone to bed Too often with philanthropists, it's effutata. 1957D. Karp Leave me Alone xx. 298 To young people compromise is a dirty word. 1959Listener 25 June 1094/1 Since then ‘liberalism’ has become a dirty word in Indonesia.
II. Used adverbially as an intensive: very, exceedingly. slang.
1920Galsworthy Foundations 111, 'E wants to syve 'is dirty great 'ouse. 1943Baker Dict. Austral. Slang (ed. 3) 26 Dirty big, used adjectively as an equivalent of ‘bloody’. 1944J. H. Fullarton Troop Target ix. 67, I was lying flat on my back when a great dirty black Junkers dropped a big one. 1945J. Henderson Gunner Inglorious xvi. 134 I'm going to grow a dirty big fig-tree outside my home. 1958F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 124 There was one chap who had a dodgey foot, and he had to wear a dirty great boot and because of this they called him the Boot. 1970D. M. Davin Not Here, Not Now iv. v. 311 The buggers are in now. They've got a dirty big majority already. 1971D. Clark Sick to Death iii. 65 Time for a dirty great pint.
▸ dirty blonde adj. and n. orig. U.S. (mildly depreciative) (a) adj.(of the hair) dark blonde; blonde tinged with a darker colour; (b) n.a person with hair of this colour.
1912Chicago Daily Tribune 27 Oct. vi. 2/5 Don't, I beg of you, attempt to use peroxide on your hair. It will bleach it and make it a *dirty blonde color. 1938Washington Post 3 Aug. 10/6 He's just a dirty blond, but he looks awfully good to me. 1970in R. Thorp & R. Blake Music of their Laughter 32/2, I color my hair. Naturally it's dirty blonde. 1999New Eng. Rev. Winter 69, I notice Garbo's hair is shaded in-between dark and light... Although I bet no one ever called her a dirty blonde.
▸ dirty bomb n. (a) a nuclear bomb that generates a large amount of radioactive fallout (cf. sense 1g); (b) a conventional bomb, esp. a crude one, which also contains radioactive material that is dispersed when it explodes.
[1955Salisbury (Maryland) Times 1 Apr. 6/5 The latest atomic device is described as tiny, but it kicks up more dust into the air than any yet exploded. This very small and very dirty bomb seems ideally suited for wars of the future.] 1956Newark (Ohio) Advocate & Amer. Tribune 25 July 4/5 Exploded near the surface, the three mile fireball of a ‘*dirty bomb’ scoops out vast quantities of material, radio-poisons it, and sucks it into the upper atmosphere. 1967Pacific Affairs 40 74 In his frequent speeches on disarmament at the UN, Menon was fond of applying his sardonic wit to the debate over ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ bombs. 1993ABC News Transcript (Nexis) 14 Oct. What would have happened if the bomb at the World Trade Center had been a dirty bomb, a conventional explosive but with some radioactive material in it? 2003Guardian 5 July (Guide) 65/3 Is Britain prepared for a major terrorist attack, for example, a ‘dirty bomb’ in the heart of one of our cities?
▸ dirty dancing n.popularized by Emile Ardolino's 1987 film of that name orig. U.S. the action or practice of dancing to popular music in a sexually provocative manner; such a dance itself, esp. one in which couples dance very close together as if simulating sexual intercourse.
1987N.Y. Times 16 Aug. ii. 19/1 Ms. Bergstein [sc. Eleanor Bergstein, writer of the film]..moved effortlessly from tutoring inner-city kids in the afternoon to shimmying in ‘*dirty dancing’ contests at night. 1991J. Barnes Talking it Over vii. 89 When he walked in I thought, You can take me dirty dancing any day of the week. Really tasty, long black hair, brilliant. 2000Big Issue 4 Sept. 17/3 (caption) Elvis outraged TV audiences with his dirty dancing.
▸ dirty rice n. U.S. a Cajun dish of rice mixed with ground or chopped meat (traditionally chicken livers and gizzards) and seasonings.
1949G. S. Perry Families Amer. viii. 132 It is sometimes spoken of, with loving familiarity, as ‘*dirty rice’ or, again, referring to its giblet content, as une affaire des gizzards. 1983W. L. Heat Moon Blue Highways (1991) iii. viii. 108 The word Cajun brought up the scent of gumbo, hot boudin, and dirty rice. 2004Chile Pepper Feb. 39/3 You'll love the huge pork chop.., served up heartily with dirty rice and red-eye gravy.
▪ II. ˈdirty, v.
[f. prec.]
1. a. trans. To make dirty or unclean; to defile or pollute with dirt; to soil. Also fig. (sometimes const. up).
1591Greene Disc. Coosnage (1592) 22 They durty their hose and shoos vpon purpose. 1672–3Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 212 The passage..being so dirtyed with the Nonconformists thumbs. 1762Derrick Lett. (1767) II. 61 It would be dirtying paper to send you any such productions. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 5 The dust falls in such quantities as to dirty everything on board.
fig.a1661Fuller Worthies, London (R.), He rather soyled his fingers, then dirtied his hands in the matter of the Holy Maid of Kent. 1835R. H. Froude Rem. (1838) I. 395 Innocent as such phrases are in themselves, they have been dirtied. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. II. 200 Mostly they dirty those they fawn on. 1953W. P. McGivern Big Heat iii. 32 It might occur to her to blackmail you..with the threat of dirtying up your husband's name. 1959‘P. Quentin’ Shadow of Guilt v. 46 She, too, would be dirtied up by scandal. 1964Wodehouse Frozen Assets i. 25 He's writing a novel... He keeps clutching his brow and muttering ‘This damned thing needs dirtying up.’.. If it isn't the sort of stuff small boys scribble on fences, nobody will look at it.
b. To contaminate with radioactive matter (cf. dirty a. 1 g).
1955Sci. News Let. 26 Mar. 197/2 Great bangs that dirty the planet's atmosphere with radioactive debris, signaling atomic advances, may be used sparingly, hiding progress to competitive nations.
2. intr. To become dirty or soiled.
1864Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 231 Dark blue morocco..which won't dirty in a hurry.
Hence ˈdirtying vbl. n.
1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 23 A foolish blasphemy or dirtying of God. |