| 释义 |
dialysis|daɪˈælɪsɪs|
Pl. dialyses.
[a. Gr. διάλυσις separation, dissolution; f. διαλύειν to part asunder, f. δια- through, asunder + λύειν to loose.]
†1. Rhet.
a. A statement of disjunctive propositions.
b. = asyndeton. Obs.
1586Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 98 Dialisis, a separation of one thing from another, both being absolved by a severall reason, in the nature of a Dilemma, as thus..If you remember it, I have said enough, if not, my words will not provoke you. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 230 A maner of speach [Dialisis, or the Dismembrer] not so figuratiue as fit for argumentation, and worketh not vnlike the dilemma of the Logicians. 1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Dialysis, (Rhet.)..i.e. asyndeton, a figure of speech in which several words are put together without being connected together by a conjunction, as veni, vidi, vici.
†2. Gram. = diæresis 1. Obs.
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Dialysis, in grammar, a character, consisting of two points ¨ placed over two vowels of a word, which would otherwise make a diphthong; but are hereby parted into two syllables. As in Mosaïc. 1818E. V. Blomfield tr. Matthiæ's Gram. (1829) p. xlviii, Ἐέλπετο is not a dialysis of ἤλπετο but comes from ἐέλποµαι.
†3. Med. Dissolution of strength. Obs.
1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Dialysis..a dissolution of the strength, or a weakness of the limbs. 1883Syd. Soc. Lex., Dialysis, an old term for weakness of the muscles of the limbs.
4. Path. Solution of continuity.
1811Hooper Dict., Dialysis, a solution of continuity, or a destruction of parts.
5. a. Chem. A name given by Graham to a process of separating the soluble crystalloid substances in a mixture from the colloid by filtration through a parchment membrane floating in water. In wider use: any process in which particles of different kinds are selectively removed from a liquid as a consequence of differences in their capacity to pass through a membrane into another liquid.
1861Graham in Phil. Trans. 186 It may perhaps be allowed me to apply the convenient term dialysis to the method of separating by diffusion through a septum of gelatinous matter. 1864Reader 22 Oct. 516 (heading), On the Detection of Poisons by Dialysis. 1878Foster Phys. ii. i. 194 By dialysis it may be still further purified. 1950Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 15 The most important field for dialysis today is the recovery of caustic soda from industrial wastes and the refining of crude caustic.
comb.1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 197 Place the filtered brine in a bladder or vessel of the prepared dialysis-parchment.
b. spec. in Med. The process of allowing blood to flow past a suitable membrane on the other side of which is another liquid, so that certain dissolved substances in the blood may pass through the membrane and the blood itself be purified or cleansed in cases of renal failure, poisoning, etc.; the dialysis may take place outside the body in an artificial kidney or inside it using a natural membrane such as the peritoneum. Also, an occasion of undergoing this process.
1914Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. V. iii. 276 We have devised a method by which the blood of a living animal may be submitted to dialysis outside the body, and again returned to the natural circulation. 1944[see dialyse v. b]. 1953J. A. Luetscher in Smith & Wermer Mod. Treatment xix. 414 Potassium Intoxication... Efforts may be made to eliminate potassium from the body by dialysis (artificial kidney or intestinal or peritoneal dialysis) if the situation is urgent. 1966Dunlop & Alstead Textbk. Med. Treatment (ed. 10) 750 Such patients may require several dialyses with the artificial kidney. 1968Listener 11 July 42/1 The system of treatment is known as haemodialysis, or more simply dialysis. It is a way of cleaning the blood by external means. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xxvii. 669 The accumulation [of urea in the blood] can be relieved by dialysis, now sometimes performed by simply flushing large volumes of fluid through the peritoneal cavity. |