| 释义 |
diachronic, a.|daɪəˈkrɒnɪk|
[f. Gr. διά throughout, during + χρόν-ος time + -ic.]
1. Lasting through time, or during the existing period.
1857Gosse Creation 87 The two creations—the extinct and the extant—or rather the prochronic and the diachronic—here unite.
2. Linguistics. [tr. F. diachronique (F. de Saussure a 1913, in Cours de linguistique générale (1916) iii. 120).] Pertaining to or designating a method of linguistic study concerned with the historical development of a language; historical, as opposed to descriptive or synchronic. Also transf., in Anthropology, etc. Hence diaˈchronically adv.; diˈachrony.
1927Mod. Philology No. 218 De Saussure..outlines the relation of ‘synchronic’ to ‘diachronic’ linguistics. 1937Jespersen Analytic Syntax xvii. 60 A view which is historically (diachronically) impeccable. 1938R. H. Lowie Hist. Ethnol. Theory xii. 228 We..ought to study the changes going on before our eyes: a ‘synchronic’ approach must be combined with a ‘diachronic’ one. 1951E. E. Evans-Pritchard Social Anthropol. iii. 61 Social anthropologists generally study synchronic problems while historians study diachronic problems. 1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. p. v, Contemporary and historical (or, in the terminology of modern linguistics, synchronic and diachronic) grammar are..best treated separately. 1959W. Baskin tr. F. de Saussure's Course in Gen. Linguistics i. iii. 81 Everything that has to do with evolution is diachronic. Similarly, synchrony and diachrony designate respectively a language-state and an evolutionary phase. 1963Canadian Jrnl. Linguistics Fall 54 The synchrony and diachrony of language are reflected in the synchrony and diachrony of grammatical theory. 1967C. L. Wrenn Word & Symbol 13 So too must the whole cultural significance of a country be examined with a minute appreciation of its language seen diachronically if its literature is to be fully apprehended. 1968Assoc. Teachers of Russian Jrnl. XVII. 8 Diachronic study..is concerned with the movement of a language through time, with the changes that occur in all its planes and the reasons for them. |