| 释义 |
▪ I. stricture, n.1|ˈstrɪktjʊə(r)|
Also 5 strictture.
[a. L. strictūra, f. strict-, stringĕre, really two etymologically distinct verbs of coincident form in Latin: the one (whence branch I below) with the sense to bind tightly, draw tight, strain; the other (whence branch III) with the senses to touch lightly, to gather (flowers), to draw (a sword). Cf. F. stricture (16th c. in Littré) = sense 1 below.]
I. A binding, tightening.
1. a. Path. A morbid narrowing of a canal, duct, or passage, esp. of the urethra, œsophagus, or intestine.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 If þere be ony þing to take awei þerof as akynge ouþer ony strictture, ouþer ony byndyng, þan remeue awey þat first [etc.]. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 340 The most ordinary diseased appearance of the urethra is stricture. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 209 A similar plan of conduct is very suitable to strictures of the œsophagus. 1846J. Miller Pract. Surg. 269 Stricture of the Windpipe. Ibid. 407 Stricture of the Rectum. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 575/2 Stricture of the Pylorus.
b. Phonetics. Partial or complete closure of the air-passage in the articulation of speech sounds.
1943K. L. Pike Phonetics vii. 120 At the time in the production of some sound when any moveable part of the vocal apparatus causes any stricture (the partial or complete closure of an air passage) it becomes an articulator. 1962B. M. H. Strang Mod. Eng. Structure 31 Articulated sounds may further be differentiated by the variable shape of the articulators and strictures involved in their production. 1964J. C. Catford in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 26 The articulatory stricture generates turbulent airflow. Ibid. 32 These five major phonatory stricture types.
2. gen. in various occasional uses: The action of binding or encompassing tightly; tight closure; restriction. rare.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. Disc. ix. 116 Christ came to knit the bonds of government faster by the stricture of more religious tyes. 1726Pope Odyss. xxii. 186 Within the stricture of this palace wall To keep inclos'd his masters till they fall. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments vi. (1735) 158 For the lateral Vessels, which lie out of the Road of Circulation, let gross Humours pass, which could not if the Vessels had their due degree of Stricture. 1812J. J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 103 Bred at home under the strictures of religion and morality. 1821Scott Kenilw. xviii, I defy chemistry..and every other occult art, were it as secret as hell itself, to unloose the stricture of my purse-strings. 1822Wordsw. Eccl. Sonn. i. Seclusion 12 Like ivy, round some ancient elm, they twine In grisly folds and strictures serpentine. 1849D. G. Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 103 Old strictures are removed, and what managers will, is put upon the scene. 1889Stevenson Master of Ballantrae v, A windless stricture of frost had bound the air. [Cf. quot. 1686 in 4.]
† II. 3. A spark, flash of light. lit. and fig. Obs.[The L. stricturæ in Virg. æn. viii. 421 was formerly interpreted ‘a spark from the anvil’; hence this use, which when figurative blended with sense 4.] 1627J. Doughty Serm. Divine Myst. (1628) 4 Flashes and strictures of lightning doe indeed enlighten the eye, but..they doe also hurt it. 1651Manton Comm. James iii. 9. 379 Yea in the Body there were some rays and strictures of the divine Glory and Majesty. 1656Blount Glossogr., Stricture, a spark that flies from a piece of iron red hot, when it is beaten. 1666Spurstowe Spir. Chym. (1668) 17 Those two tapers which enlighten the same room, do not shine with a Divided..light,..and yet the Eye..cannot difference the raies and strictures that flow from them. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland Pref., Amidst the barbarity and darkness which reign in Lapland, there appear strictures of light which will entertain the eie of the most knowing observer.
III. A touching slightly or in passing.
†4. A touch, slight trace. Obs.
a1672Wilkins Nat. Relig. ii. i. (1675) 289 In the actions of many brute creatures, there are discernable some footsteps, some imperfect strictures and degrees of Ratiocination. 1674W. Bates Harmony Div. Attrib. iv. 55 There are some weak strictures of Truth in lapsed Man, but they dye in the Brain, and are..ineffectual as to the Will. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 63 Whatever may be said of other matters, certainly the first draughts and strictures of Natural Religion and Morality are naturally in the Mind. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies ii. iv. 198 We need not wonder at some stricture of Frost occurring. 1695J. Edwards Perfect. Script. 573 They surpass all humane wisdom, yet..they have strictures of all arts and sciences.
5. An incidental remark or comment; now always, an adverse criticism.
1655Hammond Acc. Cawdrey's Triplex Diatribe 289 What now followes §35, is so far from having any weight in it, that I must not allot any solemn answers to it, the lightest strictures will be more proportionable. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. ii. xi. 401 These are the chiefest strictures that do occurre to my minde in the Prophetick Visions that are applicable to this second member of Antichristianism. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 218 At the foot of the page I have in some places subjoind a few little strictures principally of antiquity, after the manner of annotations. 1779Johnson L.P., King (1781) II. 276 He bestowed some strictures upon Dr. Kennet's adulatory sermon at the funeral of the duke of Devonshire. 1781― Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 Oct., We may now and then add a few strictures of reproof. 1790Cook's 3rd Voy. V. 1658 Here ends Mr. Anderson's strictures on Otaheite, and its neighbouring islands. 1804L. Murray Gram. Advt. to 9th Ed. note, The author conceives that the occasional strictures, dispersed through the book, and intended to illustrate and support a number of important grammatical points, will not..appear to be dry and useless discussions. 1831D. E. Williams Life & Corr. Sir T. Lawrence II. 383 His profession had a right to expect from him a series of strictures upon the works of the great masters. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 101 Beaufort..was unsparing in his strictures. 1910Q. Rev. Apr. 321 Her strictures on some sightseers in Berlin reveal some knowledge of art.
▪ II. † ˈstricture, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
[f. strict a. + -ure.]
Strictness.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. iii. 12 A man of stricture and firme abstinence.
▪ III. stricture, v. rare.|ˈstrɪktjʊə(r)|
[f. stricture n.1]
trans. To criticize, censure.
1851Helps Comp. Solit. v. (1874) 59, I had been..stricturing, perhaps too severely, some recent acts of government. |