| 释义 |
stoppage|ˈstɒpɪdʒ|
[f. stop v. + -age.]
The action of stopping, the condition of being stopped.
1. Deduction from payments; a sum ‘stopped’ or deducted from the pay of a soldier, workman, or servant.
1465Paston Lett. II. 221, I told hym that..I wold pay hym his dewte without any stoppage. 1747in Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 140 The Private Men at the rate of 6d. Sterling per Day, out of which a Stoppage must be made of 4d. for their Provisions. 1802C. James Milit. Dict., Stoppages, in a military sense, deductions from a soldiers pay, the better to provide him with necessaries, &c. 1831Act 1 & 2 Will. IV c. 37 §23 Such Stoppage or Deduction..shall not be in any Case made from the Wages of such Artificer, unless [etc.]. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 525 His anxiety that she should receive her income regularly and without stoppages was honourable to him. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 243 Stoppages, deductions from miners' wages, such as rent, candles, blacksmith's work, field club, etc. 1912Daily News 8 Mar. 2 A miner works nearly a whole day for stoppages, lamp oil (permanent), tools, doctor, etc.
†2. An obstacle, hindrance. Obs.
c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 196 To blynde the devyl of his knowlache, And my byrthe from hym to hyde, That holy wedlok was grett stoppage.
3. a. Obstruction of a road, passage, stream, or current; † concr. something that obstructs.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus ii. iii. L ij, I haue ouer passed all stoppages of wayes .i. all suche lettes of passage [etc.]..as myght lette me on my waye. 1621Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth §6, I haue seene a little streame of no noise, which vpon his stoppage hath swelled vp. 1643Baker Chron., Edw. III, 174 An Act was made in this Kings time, that all Weares, Mils and other stoppages of Rivers..should be removed. 1773J. Fletcher Dreadful Phenom. title-p., A particular Account of the sudden Stoppage of the River Severn. 1787Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 104 Those States have suffered by the stoppage of the channels of their commerce.
b. A ‘block’ of the traffic in a street.
1727Daily Post 4 Feb. 1/3 The High Bailiff of Westminster..was ordered to take Care to prevent the Stoppages in the Streets leading to the Parliament House. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Mr. Watkins Tottle ii, When he got into Fleet-street, there was ‘a stoppage,’ in which people in vehicles have the satisfaction of remaining stationary for half an hour, [etc.]. 1870Disraeli Lothair xxi, Broughams whirled and bright barouches glanced, [etc.]..There were stoppages in Bond Street.
c. Closing up of a vessel.
1725Bradley's Family Dict. s.v. Restoring of Cider, The..Flatness of this Liquor is often occasion'd by the too free Admission of the Air into the Vessel, for want of right Stoppage.
4. Path. Obstructed condition of a bodily organ.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 233 You shall finde it ease your hawke greatly and ridde a greate parte of the filthie matter that breadeth the stoppage in his head. 1666W. Boghurst Loimogr. (1894) 32 A very great stoppage at the brest..by degrees all her stopping and lisping left her. 1686S. Meade in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1914) Oct. 168 Nathanaell had a loosenesse for aboue 2 weekes, which..carried of his flegme & stoppage at his stomacke. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 3986/4 A Stoppage in his Nose. 1758Phil. Trans. L. 522 But about that age [he] was afflicted with stoppages, which often threw him into convulsive fits. 1799Underwood Dis. Childhood (ed. 4) III. 107 The slightest sympton of which, is that called the Snuffles, or stoppage of the nose. 1818–20E. Thompson Cullen's Nosol. Method. (ed. 3) 319 Order I. Paraphymata. Local Changes..41 Emphragma.—Stoppage. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 889 The stoppage of the nose..constitutes a serious impediment to respiration.
5. Arrest or detention of a traveller, or of goods being conveyed from place to place. stoppage in transitu, stoppage in transit (Law): see quot. 1862.
1621in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. (1906) 354 In our last wee advised you the stoppage off the Dutches goods likewise by Saffy Caun. 1649in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 446 There being a generall stoppage of all letters. 1777Cook Third Voy. iii. i. (1784) II. 13 This stoppage of a favourite article, without assigning some reason, might have occasioned a general murmur. 1817W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1169 Chap. xxxvii. (heading of chapter) Stoppage in Transitu. 1862J. W. Smith Man. Common Law 267 Stoppage in transitu is the resumption by a vendor of the possession of goods which have been transmitted to, but have not yet come into the actual or constructive possession of, a purchaser who has become insolvent. 1911J. H. Rose Pitt & Gt. War iv. 103 Grenville refused to discuss or explain the stoppage of certain cargoes of grain destined for French ports.
6. a. The action of stopping or causing to cease.
1657J. Cooke tr. J. Hall's Sel. Observ. Engl. Bodies xcv. 302 The stoppage of Vrine and Strangury..may be joyned together, the one being a totall the other a partiall suppression of Urine. 1696Floyer Humours (J.) The stoppage of a cough, or spitting, increases phlegm in the stomach. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xli. 106 This Stoppage of Trade and Fishing..made a great Noise among the poorer Sort. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 253 The distance in the canal to which this stoppage of the pulsation extends, varies in different cases. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. vii. 85 The House of Lords complained of this stoppage of the issue of writs by the Commons. 1908Animal Managem. (War Office) 326 Stoppage of bleeding is the first point to be attended to if it is serious.
b. Discontinuance of supply.
1865Dickens Dr. Marigold viii, Thereby leading to..the total stoppage of the unfortunate young man's beer.
7. a. Cessation of movement or activity; a stop or halt in a journey.
1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho viii, She raised her eyes on the sudden stoppage of the carriage. 1840Hood Up Rhine 49 Our first stoppage was at Dortrecht on Dort. 1856I. L. Bird Englishw. in Amer. 159 We ran three hundred miles through central Michigan in ten hours, including stoppages. 1865Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1871) 426 An abrupt stoppage of sensation. 1897Meredith Amazing Marr. I. xv. 169 They had a hamper and were independent of stoppages for provision. 1913Times 13 Sept. 18/5 Unless there is an improved demand we shall soon be hearing of the stoppage of looms through lack of work.
b. A cessation of work owing to disagreement between employer and employees; a strike or a lock-out.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 554/1 The adjustment of differences that might otherwise lead to stoppage. Ibid. XXXIII. 14/1 To distinguish stoppages as strikes or lock-outs according to the source of the original demand for a change of conditions would lead to a very arbitrary and misleading classification. 1926Publishers' Circular 29 Dec. 895/3, 1926... The year of the General Stoppage. 1966Listener 1 Sept. 302/2 An American-owned engineering works in north-west London is to close down because of stoppages and the economic squeeze. 1976West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 8 Dec. 1/2 More than 350 Blackpool Corporation busmen agreed unanimously to give authority to the TGWU's North Lancashire District Committee to call them out on a one-day stoppage in support of their Fylde colleagues.
8. Comm. The action of stopping payment.
1817W. Beloe Sexagenarian II. 189 It is no less singular, that this failure did not occasion the bankruptcy, or cause stoppage of payment, in any other house. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 95 It was indeed a stoppage of payment without a concomitant bankruptcy, two things hitherto synonymous in England. 1846McCulloch Brit. Empire (1854) II. 33 There was..a pretty severe run upon the Bank of England, and it was at length apprehended that she might be obliged to make a temporary stoppage. 1864Mrs. J. H. Riddell Geo. Geith xxxvi, Norton's stoppage has ruined me. 1891Law Times XC. 377/1 He had been concerned in floating several companies, the stoppage of one of which, it is stated, has ruined a number of persons. |