| 释义 |
▪ I. † derf, n. Obs.
[app. shortened from OE. ᵹedeorf labour, trouble, tribulation, f. deorfan to labour: see derve.]
Trouble, tribuation, hurt.
[c1000ælfric Colloquy ⁋16 Hiᵹ, hiᵹ, micel ᵹedeorf ys hit!] c1205Lay. 10943 Nas na man..Þæt dursten him derf makien. a1225Ancr. R. 80 Strong uorte drien derf ine Godes seruise. Ibid. 106 Heo wolde þet derf þuldeliche þolien. Ibid. 180 Sicnesse, meseise..and euerich licomliche derf þet eileþ þe vlesche. c1230Hali Meid. 17 Abeore bliðeliche þe derf þat tu drehest.
▪ II. † derf, a. (adv.) Obs.
Forms: 3 (Orm.) derrf, deorrf, 3–4 derue, 3–6 derf, 4–5 derff, 4–6 derfe, 5–6 derffe, darf(e, 6 dearfe.
[app. a. ON. djarfr (:—derfa-z) bold, daring, audacious, impudent: cf. OSw. diarver, diærver, Sw. djerf, Da. diærv; cognate with OS. derƀi, OFris. derfe; not recorded in OE. where the forms would be deorf, dierfe; cf. deorrflike in Ormin.]
1. Bold, daring, courageous, brave.
c1200Ormin 16780 He [Nicodemus] nass nohht derrf inoh all opennliȝ to sekenn þe Laferrd Crist. Ibid. 19598 Wiþþ derrf & openn spæche. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 307 The frer..wes derrf, stout, and ek hardy. c1400Destr. Troy 12800 His derf knightes. 1513Douglas æneis ix. ix. 22 Turnus the prince, at was baith darf and bald.
b. In a bad sense: Bold, audacious, daringly wicked.
a1300Cursor M. 12936 (Cott.) Þat derf o ded, þat fals traitur. Ibid. 27749 (Cott.) Wreth..wentes man fra goddis will and mas him derf to dedis ill. a1400Morte Arth. 3779 Thow salle be dede and undone for thy derfe dedys. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 305 Fulle darfe has been oure deede for-thi commen is our care. 1570Levins Manip. 31 Darfe, stubborn, pertinax, obduratus.
2. Strong, sturdy, stout.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1233 Þe dor drawen, & dit with a derf haspe. a1400Morte Arth. 312 No more dowte the dynte of theire derfe wapyns. c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 78 His darf oxen I compt them not a flee.
b. Vigorous, forcible, violent.
c1440York Myst. xlvi. 17 That drewe all tho domesmen derffe indignacioun. c1450Golagros & Gaw. 359 Delis thair full doughtely mony derf dynt. 16..Earl Westmorland 291 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 311 Blowes that were both derfe and dire.
3. Painful, grievous; terrible, dreadful; cruel.
a1225Leg. Kath. 565 Ich hire wule don to þe derueste deað. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 862 Dotz away your derf dyn & derez neuer my gestes. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 217 Mony..Off Wallace part, thai putt to that derff deid.
b. Troublesome, hard, difficult.
a1225Leg. Kath. 948 For nis him no derure for to adweschen feole þen fewe. c1230Hali Meid. 19 His reades..derue beoð to fullen. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 294 The darfast way..Tha tuke the gait without rangat till go.
B. as adv. Grievously, terribly.
c1325Metr. Hom. (1862) 23 Slic wordes said Crist of thir wers That folc in werd ful derf deres. |