| 释义 |
▪ I. deputy, n.|ˈdɛpjʊtɪ|
Forms: 5 depute, deputee, Sc. depwte, 6 deputye, 6–7 deputie, 7– deputy.
[a. F. député, subst. use of pa. pple. of députer to depute. Originally spelt depute; in one form of which the final e became mute (though usually retained in writing); in another form it continued to be pronounced, and then as in city, etc., it passed through -ee. -ie to -y. (Cf. † assigne, assign, assignee.) The ME. examples of depute are placed here, but might as well stand under depute n. See also the corrupted forms debite, debity.]
1. A person appointed or nominated to act for another or others, esp. to hold office or exercise authority instead of another; a substitute, lieutenant, vicegerent.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 381 And Deputis be-hynd hym he left To keipe Brettayne. 1511Hen. VII in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 170 That..ye..paye unto theim, or to their deputie in their names, the summes aforesaid. 1624Ld. Kensington ibid. Ser. i. III. 174 But the case is now different, sayd she, for there the Prince was in Person, heer is but his deputy. But a deputy, answerd I, that represents his person. 1660Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 361 For the Greek lecture, the reader therof..got a deputy to do it. 1727Swift Gulliver i. vi. 70 In the presence of a professor, or one of his deputies. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. viii. 283 They sent to the army two members of council, as field deputies, without whose concurrence no operations should be carried on. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 338 The..university of Padua..besides deputies and assistants, has 35 professors.
fig.1717L. Howel Desiderius 58 Those two Deputies of Pride, the Lust of the Flesh, and the Lust of the Eye. 1783F. Burney Diary 19 Jan., I found her..not merely free from pride, but free from affability—its most mortifying deputy.
b. Law. A person authorized to exercise on behalf of another the whole of his office (general deputy), or some special function of it (special deputy), but having no interest in the office.
1405Rolls of Parlt. III. 605/1 Our generalls and specialls Attornes and Deputes. 1602W. Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 46 There is great difference betwixt a bailie, & a deputie. 1607–72Cowell Interpr. s.v., A Deputy hath not any interest in the Office, but is onely the shadow of the Officer, in whose Name he doth all things. 1642Perkins Prof. Bk. i. §100 An assignee is such a person who doth occupie in his own right, and a deputie such a person who doth occupie in the right of another. 1833Act 3 & 4 Will. IV, c. 42 §20 The Sheriff of each County..shall..name..a sufficient Deputy, who shall..have an Office within One Mile of the Inner Temple Hall, for the Receipt of Writs [etc.].
c. A person delegated or sent (alone or as a member of a deputation) to act in the place of those who send him.
1769Robertson Chas. V, V. i. 222 Charles artfully avoided admitting their deputies to audience. 1838Thirlwall Greece IV. 347 Three deputies were sent back with them to Sinope, to fetch the vessels. 1862Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. vi. 87 The lesser barons were called to send deputies, instead of attending personally.
d. Phr. by deputy: by another person in one's stead, by proxy.
1625Bacon Ess., Studies (Arb.) 11 Some Bookes also may be read by Deputy, and Extracts made of them by Others. 1764Foote Mayor of G. ii. Wks. 1799 I. 180 He is suffered to do that by deputy. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. vii. 23 His wars were waged by deputy.
2. Special applications.
†a. One deputed to exercise authority on behalf of the sovereign or of the sovereign power; a proconsul, a viceroy, a Lord Lieutenant (of Ireland).
c1490in Gairdner Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) App. A, Our right gode lord Gerald erle of Kildare your depute lieutenaunt of this your land of Irland. 1568Bible (Bishops') 1 Kings xxii. 47 There was then no kyng in Edom, the deputie was king. ― Acts xviii. 12 When Gallio was the deputie of Achaia. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 260 You sent me Deputie for Ireland. 1696Lond. Gaz. No. 3190/3 My Lord Capell, Lord Deputy of Ireland. 1851Robertson Serm. Ser. iv. (1863) I. 7 There was there a deputy, that is, a proconsul.
b. In the City of London, a member of the Common Council, who acts instead of an alderman in his absence; a deputy alderman.
1557Order of Hospitals C vj b, The Alderman of the Warde or his Deputie. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 92, I was before Master Tisick the Deputie, the other day. 1712Steele Spect. No. 503 ⁋2 The deputy of the ward sat in that pew. 1772Ann. Reg. 79/2 Mr. Alderman Peers, with Mr. Deputy Judd..presented a petition. 1837Munic. Corp. Inq. Commission, Every alderman, except the alderman of Bridge Without, appoints a Deputy, who must be a Common-Councilman of the Ward. 1894P.O. London Directory, Common Council.—The first-named in each Ward is the Deputy.
c. An officer in a coal-mine. (See quots.)
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 22 Deputies, a set of men employed in setting timber for the safety of the workmen; also in putting in brattice and brattice stoppings. They also draw the props from places where they are not required for further use. 1893Daily News 20 Nov. 5/4 The deputies..test the beams and other protective appliances put up, examine the passage walls and roofs and the state of the atmosphere, and tell the ‘detallers’ what to do.
d. The manager of a common lodging-house.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 249 In some places knives and forks are not provided, unless a penny is left with the ‘deputy’, or manager, till they are returned. 1888Times 13 Oct. 12/1 She acted as deputy to the house in question [a common lodging-house].
3. A person elected to represent a constituency; a member of a representative legislative assembly. Chamber of Deputies: the second house in the national assembly of France, and some other countries.
1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 76 The three estates of the Realme, that is, the Clergie, the Nobilitie, and the Deputies of the Cities and townes..at Lisbone. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 381 William..meant..to remove the assembly of the States (which was summoned to meet at Middleburgh) to a situation in which the deputies would not be so much influenced by the emissaries of Spain. 1792Gentl. Mag. LXII. ii. 945 Three hundred and seventy-one deputies, assembled in one of the halls of the palace of the Thuilleries. 1809Kendall Trav. I. v. 27 The deputies are now frequently denominated representatives. They were anciently called committee-men. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. ii. vi, Deputy Thuriot, he who was Advocate Thuriot. 1863M. Howitt F. Bremer's Greece I. viii. 264 The Deputies are chosen by the people for three years.
4. attrib. and Comb. Deputed; acting or appointed to act instead of..; vice-...
1548Hall Chron. 211 b, Either chief Capitain of Caleis or els deputie Capitain. 1624Sanderson Serm. I. 243 The poor you shall alwayes have with you, as my deputy-receivers; but me (in person) ye shall not have always. 1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 379 Christ's love to us was not deputy-love..he loved us not by a vicar. 1695Lond. Gaz. No. 3099/3 Mr. Godfrey, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England. 1805Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 659 To appoint Captain Bellingham to be Deputy Quarter Master general in Mysore. 1843Macaulay Ess., Mad. D'Arblay, Singing women escorted by deputy husbands. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. vii. 92 The deputy-speakers are usually the chief judges of the courts of Westminster. 1881Rt. Hon. A. W. Peel in Times 2 Feb. 6/4 That Standing Order is enabling only, and provides for the appointment and duties of the Deputy-Speaker during the unavoidable absence of the Speaker.
▪ II. ˈdeputy, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To appoint or send as deputy; to depute.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iii. Law 1126 Frail Aaron, Deputi'd During his [Moses'] absence, all the Flock to guide. 1867Quiver 186 Thrush, linnet, blackbird..deputied the lark with praise to heaven. |