| 释义 |
▪ I. † stoke, n.1 Obs.
[OE. stoc neut. (gen. stoces); prob. f. the same root as stoc(c masc. (gen. stocces) stock n.1]
= place n., in various senses.
Common in place-names, as Bishopstoke, Winterstoke.
a900Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 12 Þæt aborstene clif hreas þa of duneweard..oþ þæt hit com þær hit mynte feallan ofer þæt mynster, and þæt þonne wære hryre ealles þæs stoces. Ibid. 172 Þa sona in Cassinum þæt stoc [v.rr. in C. þære stowe, on C. þam stocwic]. c1200Ormin 1049 Uppo þatt oferrwerrc Þeȝȝ haffdenn liccness metedd Off Cherubyn, & haffdenn itt O tweȝȝenn stokess metedd. Ibid. 15694 Inn oþre stokess nemmneþþ wel Þa posstless hise breþre.
▪ II. † stoke, n.2 Obs.
[f. stoke v.1 Cf. stock n.3 3.]
A thrust with a weapon, a stab.
13..K. Alis. 7398 (Laud MS.), To don oþer vilanye Oiþer wiþ stoke oiþer wiþ dynte Þat is al hir entente. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 2481 Sethin with a stoke to him he stert, And smate the geant unto the hert.
▪ III. † stoke, n.3 Obs.
[prob. a. Du. stok, lit. ‘stick’: see stock n.1]
A yard in measurement.
1538in Lett. Suppress. Monasteries (Camden) 180 Whych be compased in with the walles lxx. stokes of length, that is, fete ccx. 1547Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 30 Item,..for mendynge the vestmentes, and for ij. stokes and a hallf of locram to lyne them withalle, iij s. vij d.
▪ IV. stoke(s, n.4 Physics.|stəʊk(s)|
[f. Stokes1. Proposed in Ger. by M. Jakob 1928, in Zeitschr. f. techn. Physik IX. 22/1.]
The unit of kinematic viscosity in the C.G.S. system, equal to 1 cm.2 sec.—1
1931G. Barr Monogr. Viscometry i. 4 Jacob [sic] has proposed that the C.G.S. unit be called the ‘stokes’, but the suggestion has not yet had time to bear fruit. 1934[see centistokes]. 1961V. L. Streeter Handbk. Fluid Dynamics i. 14 The unit of one square centimeter per second is called a stoke. The centistoke (= 0·01 stoke) is often a more convenient unit. 1964Sabersky & Acosta Fluid Flow i. 10 In the c.g.s. system,..the unit of absolute viscosity..is called a poise, and the unit of kinematic viscosity, 1 cm.2/sec., is called a stoke.
▪ V. † stoke, v.1 Obs.
[Perh. a. OF. estoquier: see stock v.2]
1. trans. To pierce, stab (a person).
a1300Cursor M. 24356 Wit spere þai stoked him wit wrang. c1375Ibid. 7667 (Fairf.) Þe king þen hent a sper ful sharp to stoke him þorou-out þe wagh. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4615 And þan was Char[lis] wonder grym, And aȝeyn hym renneþ, & stokeþ hym By-twene ys browes rowe.
2. intr. To make a thrust (at).
c1375Cursor M. 7623 (Fairf.) Þe king stoket at him wiþ a spere. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1688 Ne short swerd for to stoke with poynt bitynge. a1400Morte Arth. 2554 Fulle stowttly they stryke, thire steryne knyghttes, Stokes at the stomake with stelyne poyntes.
3. trans. To thrust, drive home (a sword).
1513Douglas æneis ix. vii. 140 The swerd, wyghtly stokit, or than was glaid Throu owt hys cost. Ibid. x. xiii. 135.
▪ VI. stoke, v.2|stəʊk|
Also 8 stoak.
[Back-formation from stoker.]
1. a. trans. To feed, stir up, and poke the fire in (a furnace), to tend the furnace of (a boiler). Also, to feed or build up (a fire), and with up.
1683, etc. [? Implied in stoking vbl. n.2 c]. 1735Dyche & Pardon Dict., Stoak or Stoke v. to stir up, rake, cook, feed and look after a great Fire, such as Brewers, Distillers, Glass-houses, &c. use. 1838Holloway Prov. Dict., To stoke, to stir the fire. 1864Reader 2 July 9 Who shall stoke the furnace of the steamship? 1883M. P. Bale Saw-Mills 224 In stoking Cornish or Lancashire boilers by hand three systems of firing are in vogue. 1909G. M. Trevelyan Garibaldi xi. 202 First the fires had to be lit and stoked. 1942E. Langley Pea-Pickers x. 148 The hut was warmed by a little red fire which the fair-haired comrade stoked. 1971G. Jones in Jones & Elis Twenty-Five Welsh Short Stories 106 That night, when he went into the house, he saw that the big iron double bed had been moved down into the middle of the kitchen and a great furnace of a fire stoked up in the chimney.
absol.1867–72N. P. Burgh Marine Engin. (1881) 375 Stoke freely when under steam. 1892Black & White 16 Jan. 76/1 The German ships had been stoking up.
b. fig.
1837Hood Ode to R. Wilson 391 Sufficiently by stern necessitarians Poor Nature, with her face begrim'd by dust, Is stok'd, cok'd, smok'd, and almost chok'd. 1882A. Beresford-Hope Brandreths III. xxxix. 95 It [a prize fight] was stoked by an Irish adventurer who [etc.]. 1915Blackw. Mag. Aug. 265/1 Neither the British nor the German soldier has been able to stoke up that virulent hate.
c. To excite, thrill, elate. slang (chiefly Surfing).
1963Pix 28 Sept. 63 A good stomping movement that ‘stokes’ the tourists is worth two extra points. 1965S. Afr. Surfer I. 3/3 Your magazine stoked me out of my mind. Ibid. 7/1 We will let him stoke you on some of the modern variations of body riding.
2. transf. (jocular). To feed (oneself or another) as if stoking a furnace; to ‘shovel’ (food) into one's mouth steadily and continuously. Also absol. with up.
1882Pall Mall Gaz. 12 July 2/2 Mr. Warton vigorously stoked himself with snuff in the exuberance of his delight. 1894Sala London up to Date 34 He eats, or, rather, he ‘stokes’ his meal, till the veins in his forehead swell. 1897R. Broughton Dear Faustina xv, The denizens of this A.B.C...are stoking themselves stolidly. 1900Kipling in Daily Mail 25 Apr. 4/4 So they stoked them—‘the 'arf that 'adn't the use of their 'ands’—and they re-dressed their bandages. 1915Blackw. Mag. May 686/1 There's folks as cant stoke hot tea upon sorsiges.
absol.1882Besant All Sorts xvii, Dinner in the middle of the day, of course... At the East End everybody stokes at one. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. ii. 41 Then they stoked in silence till Dan drew breath over his tin cup and demanded of Harvey how he felt. ‘Most full.’ 1901‘R. Andom’ Troddles & Us & Others iv. 47 Troddles stoked-up on bread-and-butter pudding to such an extent that I wondered how on earth he could..drag himself about. 1946R. Lehmann Gipsy's Baby 29, I have often noticed how much less greedy children of the proletariat are than others. One would imagine that they would be more absorbed in the problem of stoking up. 1975J. Symons Three Pipe Problem xvi. 155 They sat in one of the high-backed compartments where the punters came to stoke up after their losses.
3. In combination, as stoke-hearth, stoke-house; stoke-up slang, a large or sustaining meal.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1248 The stoke-hearth [of a smelting furnace]. 1903Westm. Gaz. 27 Jan. 7/1 It was heated by means of hot-water pipes, fed from a stoke-house. 1955J. Thomas No Banners xv. 133 Later..it would be possible to go to the black-market eating-houses for an occasional ‘stoke-up’.
Hence stoked ppl. a., (a) subjected to the action of the vb.; (b) (slang) excited; keen or ‘hooked’ on.
1902Daily Chron. 2 May 6/1 Hand-stoked retorts were shut down, and now the whole of the gas is to be manufactured in inclined or mechanically stoked retorts. 1963[see board n. 1 b]. 1968Surfer Mag. Jan. 47/3, I realized they're really stoked. 1969Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 2 Feb. 20/3 I'm stoked on Chinese food. 1970Studies in English (Univ. Cape Town) I. 33 People bitten by the surf bug..are really stoked on surfing. 1976N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Sept. 40/1 Something like 10 million Americans..are stoked on floating about three inches over the paved surfaces of planet earth. Their flotation device is the new, Nasworthy-improved skateboard. 1977Skateboard Special Sept. 2/1 The guy was really stoked but he fell off a nose wheelie and ended up taking a trip to McDonalds.
▪ VII. stoke
obs. f. stock; obs. pa. tense and pple. of steek v. |