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stoicheiometry Chem.|stɔɪkaɪˈɒmɪtrɪ|
Also † stechi-, † stochi-, stœchi- |stiːkɪ-|, stoichiometry.
[f. Gr. στοιχεῖο-ν element + -metry.]
The process or art of calculating or determining the equivalent and atomic weights of the elements participating in any chemical reaction; the science of estimating chemical elements; the branch of science concerned with the determination of atomic weights. (See also quot. 1880.) In mod. use, the quantitative relationship between the substances in a reaction or compound.
The term was introduced by J. B. Richter in his Anfangsgründe der Stöchiometrie, oder Messkunst chemischer Elemente (1792), to denote the determination of the relative amounts in which acids and bases neutralize each other.
1807T. Thomson Chem. II. 559, I have not been able to procure a sight of Richter's very curious..writings on Stechiometry, in which his observations on the fluates are to be found. 1825W. Hamilton Hand-bk. Terms Arts & Sci., Stochiometry, the Geometry of chemical elements. 1880Tyndall Heat xviii. (ed. 6) 571 The doctrine of the conservation of force, or, as I should express it, Physical Stoichiometry. 1908S. Young (title) Stoichiometry. 1971W. F. Pickering Mod. Analytical Chem. iv. 153 It can also be used to determine the stoichiometry of reactions occurring in solution. 1975R. F. Brown Organic Chem. viii. 192 Stoichiometry, the weight relations in chemical reactions, must be kept in mind in the study of rates of reaction.
Hence stoicheio-, stoichio-, stœchioˈmetric, -al adjs.
1887Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 27 May 330/2 Much too small [a proportion of colouring matter] to represent a stoichio⁓metrical composition. 1892Nature 24 Mar. 497/2 The late Prof. Stas had left..a..memoir describing the results of several further stöchiometrical investigations. Ibid., The stöchiometric relation of silver to potassium chloride. 1921Jrnl. Geol. XXIX. 533 The stoechiometric relation between MgO and FeO in olivine and bronzite. 1962J. H. White Inorganic Chem. ix. 108 The formation of solid solution does not appear to be very different [from that of metallic compounds] except that..no stoichiometric relationship between the constituent metals exists. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorganic Chem. I. viii. 296 Metal fluorides but not hydrides are stoicheiometric.
Add: stoichioˈmetrically adv.
1934Webster, Stoichiometrically adv. 1969Proc. 6th Cellulose Conf. 69 The evidence is in favor of right-handed helices with stoichiometrically bound water. There is a novel inter-chain hydrogen bond system at the center of the structure. 1983New Scientist 28 Apr. 206/1 Industry needs about 1.5 million tonnes of pure ethanol, free from water, each year. To remove water from fermented alcohol on this scale would require quite uneconomic amounts of energy. So it's usually made by stoichiometrically adding water to ethylene over an acid catalyst. |