| 单词 | scratch |
| 释义 | scratch v., n., & adj. --v 1. tr. score or mark the surface of with a sharp or pointed object. 2. tr. a make a long narrow superficial wound in (the skin). b cause (a person or part of the body) to be scratched (scratched himself on the table). 3. tr. (also absol.) scrape without marking, esp. with the hand to relieve itching (stood there scratching). 4. tr. make or form by scratching. 5. tr. scribble; write hurriedly or awkwardly (scratched a quick reply; scratched a large A). 6. tr. (foll. by together, up, etc.) obtain (a thing) by scratching or with difficulty. 7. tr. (foll. by out, off, through) cancel or strike (out) with a pencil etc. 8. tr. (also absol.) withdraw (a competitor, candidate, etc.) from a race or competition. 9. intr. (often foll. by about, around, etc.) a scratch the ground etc. in search. b look around haphazardly (they were scratching about for evidence). --n 1. a mark or wound made by scratching. 2. a sound of scratching. 3. a spell of scratching oneself. 4. colloq. a superficial wound. 5. a line from which competitors in a race (esp. those not receiving a handicap) start. 6. (in pl.) a disease of horses in which the pastern appears scratched. 7. sl. money. --attribadj. 1. collected by chance. 2. collected or made from whatever is available; heterogeneous (a scratch crew). 3. with no handicap given (a scratch race). Phrases and idioms from scratch 1. from the beginning. 2. without help or advantage. scratch along make a living etc. with difficulty. scratch one's head be perplexed. scratch my back and I will scratch yours 1. do me a favour and I will return it. 2. used in reference to mutual aid or flattery. scratch pad 1 esp. US a pad of paper for scribbling. 2. Computing a small fast memory for the temporary storage of data. scratch the surface deal with a matter only superficially. up to scratch up to the required standard. Derivatives scratcher n. Etymology: ME, prob. f. synonymous ME scrat & cratch, both of uncert. orig.: cf. MLG kratsen, OHG krazzon |
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