| 单词 | rough |
| 释义 | rough adj., adv., n., & v. --adj 1. a having an uneven or irregular surface, not smooth or level or polished. b Tennis applied to the side of a racket from which the twisted gut projects. 2. (of ground, country, etc.) having many bumps, obstacles, etc. 3. a hairy, shaggy. b (of cloth) coarse in texture. 4. a (of a person or behaviour) not mild or quiet or gentle; boisterous, unrestrained (rough manners; rough play). b (of language etc.) coarse, indelicate. c (of wine etc.) sharp or harsh in taste. 5. (of the sea, weather, etc.) violent, stormy. 6. disorderly, riotous (a rough part of town). 7. harsh, insensitive, inconsiderate (rough words; rough treatment). 8. a unpleasant, severe, demanding (had a rough time). b unfortunate, unreasonable, undeserved (had rough luck). c (foll. by on) hard or unfair towards. 9. lacking finish, elaboration, comfort, etc. (rough lodgings; a rough welcome). 10. incomplete, rudimentary (a rough attempt; a rough makeshift). 11. a inexact, approximate, preliminary (a rough estimate; a rough sketch). b (of stationery etc.) for use in writing rough notes etc. 12. colloq. a ill, unwell (am feeling rough). b depressed, dejected. --adv in a rough manner (the land should be ploughed rough; play rough). --n 1. (usu. prec. by the) a hard part or aspect of life; hardship (take the rough with the smooth). 2. rough ground (over rough and smooth). 3. a rough or violent person (met a bunch of roughs). 4. Golf rough ground off the fairway between tee and green. 5. an unfinished or provisional or natural state (have written it in rough; shaped from the rough). 6. (prec. by the) the general way or tendency (is true in the rough). --vtr. 1. (foll. by up) ruffle (feathers, hair, etc.) by rubbing against the grain. 2. a (foll. by out) shape or plan roughly. b (foll. by in) sketch roughly. 3. give the first shaping to (a gun, lens, etc.). Phrases and idioms rough-and-ready rough or crude but effective; not elaborate or over-particular. rough-and-tumble adj. irregular, scrambling, disorderly. --n a haphazard fight; a scuffle. rough breathing see BREATHING. rough coat a first coat of plaster applied to a surface. rough copy 1. a first or original draft. 2. a copy of a picture etc. showing only the essential features. rough deal hard or unfair treatment. rough diamond 1. an uncut diamond. 2. a person of good nature but rough manners. rough-dry (-dries, -dried) dry (clothes) without ironing. the rough edge (or side) of one's tongue severe or harsh words. rough-handle treat or handle roughly. rough-hew (past part. -hewed or -hewn) shape out roughly; give crude form to. rough-hewn uncouth, unrefined. rough house sl. a disturbance or row; boisterous play. rough-house v. sl. 1. tr. handle (a person) roughly. 2. intr. make a disturbance; act violently. rough it do without basic comforts. rough justice 1. treatment that is approximately fair. 2. treatment that is not at all fair. rough passage 1. a crossing over rough sea. 2. a difficult time or experience. rough ride a difficult time or experience. rough-rider a person who breaks in or can ride unbroken horses. rough stuff colloq. boisterous or violent behaviour. rough tongue a habit of rudeness in speaking. rough trade sl. a tough or sadistic element among male homosexuals. rough up sl. treat (a person) with violence; attack violently. rough work 1. preliminary or provisional work. 2. colloq. violence. 3. a task requiring the use of force. sleep rough sleep outdoors, or not in a proper bed. Derivatives roughness n. Etymology: OE ruh f. WG |
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