| 单词 | standard |
| 释义 | standard /stan"deuhrd/, n. 1. something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. 2. an object that is regarded as the usual or most common size or form of its kind: We stock the deluxe models as well as the standards. 3. a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment: They tried to establish standards for a new philosophical approach. 4. an average or normal requirement, quality, quantity, level, grade, etc.: His work this week hasn't been up to his usual standard. 5. standards, those morals, ethics, habits, etc., established by authority, custom, or an individual as acceptable: He tried to live up to his father's standards. 6. a grade of beef immediately below good. 7. the authorized exemplar of a unit of weight or measure. 8. a certain commodity in or by which a basic monetary unit is stated. Cf. gold standard, silver standard, bimetallism, monometallism. 9. the legally established content of full-weight coins. 10. the prescribed degree of fineness for gold or silver. 11. Brit. a class or grade in elementary schools. 12. a musical piece of sufficiently enduring popularity to be made part of a permanent repertoire, esp. a popular song. 13. a flag indicating the presence of a sovereign or public official. 14. a flag, emblematic figure, or other object raised on a pole to indicate the rallying point of an army, fleet, etc. 15. Mil. a. any of various military or naval flags. b. the colors of a mounted unit. c. (cap.) a U.S. Navy radar-guided surface-to-air missile with a range of 10-30 miles (16-48 km). 16. Heraldry. a long, tapering flag or ensign, as of a monarch or a nation. 17. something that stands or is placed upright. 18. a long candlestick or candelabrum used in a church. 19. an upright support or supporting part. 20. Armor. a standing collar of mail. 21. Hort. a plant trained or grafted to have a single, erect, treelike stem. 22. Bot. a distinct petal, larger than the rest, of certain flowers; a vexillum. adj. 23. serving as a basis of weight, measure, value, comparison, or judgment. 24. of recognized excellence or established authority: a standard reference on medieval history. 25. usual, common, or customary: Chairs are standard furniture in American households. 26. manual; not electric or automatic: standard transmission. 27. conforming in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, etc., to the usage of most educated native speakers, esp. those having prestige, and widely considered acceptable or correct: Standard American English; standard pronunciation. Cf. nonstandard (def. 2). 28. authorized or approved: The program was broadcast on the standard broadcast band. [1125-75; ME < OF, prob. < Frankish *standord (cf. G Standort standing-point), conformed to -ard -ARD] Syn. 1, 3. gauge, basis, pattern, guide. STANDARD, CRITERION refer to the basis for making a judgment. A STANDARD is an authoritative principle or rule that usually implies a model or pattern for guidance, by comparison with which the quantity, excellence, correctness, etc., of other things may be determined: She could serve as the standard of good breeding. A CRITERION is a rule or principle used to judge the value, suitability, probability, etc., of something, without necessarily implying any comparison: Wealth is no criterion of a person's worth. |
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