| 单词 | willful |
| 释义 | willful —willfully, adv. —willfulness, n. /wil"feuhl/, adj. 1. deliberate, voluntary, or intentional: The coroner ruled the death willful murder. 2. unreasonably stubborn or headstrong; self-willed. Also, wilful. [1150-1200; ME; OE wilful willing. See WILL2, -FUL] Syn. 1. volitional. 2. intransigent; contrary, refractory, pigheaded, inflexible, obdurate, adamant. WILLFUL, HEADSTRONG, PERVERSE, WAYWARD refer to one who stubbornly insists upon doing as he or she pleases. WILLFUL suggests a stubborn persistence in doing what one wishes, esp. in opposition to those whose wishes or commands ought to be respected or obeyed: that willful child who disregarded his parents' advice. One who is HEADSTRONG is often foolishly, and sometimes violently, self-willed: reckless and headstrong youths. The PERVERSE person is unreasonably or obstinately intractable or contrary, often with the express intention of being disagreeable: perverse out of sheer spite. WAYWARD in this sense has the connotation of rash wrongheadedness that gets one into trouble: a reform school for wayward girls. Ant. 2. obedient, tractable. |
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