| 释义 |
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024-ing1 ,suffix. - -ing is attached to verbs to form nouns that express the action of the verb or its result, product, material, etc.:build + -ing → building: the art of building;a new building.
- -ing is also attached to roots (other than verb roots) to form nouns:off + -ing → offing
. -ing2 ,suffix. - -ing is attached to verbs to form the present participle of verbs:walk + -ing → walking: Is the baby walking yet?These participles are often used as adjectives:war + -ing → warring: warring factions.
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024-ing1 ,- a suffix of nouns formed from verbs, expressing the action of the verb or its result, product, material, etc. (the art of building;
a new building;
cotton wadding). It is also used to form nouns from words other than verbs (offing;
shirting). Verbal nouns ending in -ing are often used attributively (the printing trade) and in forming compounds (drinking song). In some compounds (sewing machine), the first element might reasonably by regarded as the participial adjective, -ing2, the compound thus meaning "a machine that sews,'' but it is commonly taken as a verbal noun, the compound being explained as "a machine for sewing.'' Cf. -ing2.
- Old English -ing, -ung Middle English
- a suffix forming the present participle of verbs (walking;
thinking), such participles being often used as participial adjectives: warring factions. Cf. -ing1.
- the variant -in (usu. represented in spelling, spelled as -in’ ) continues Middle English -inde, -ende, Old English -ende Middle English -ing, -inge
The common suffix -ing2 can be pronounced in modern English as either (-ing)USA pronunciation or (-in),USA pronunciation with either the velar nasal consonant (ng),USA pronunciation symbolized in IPA as [ŋ], or the alveolar nasal consonant (n),USA pronunciation symbolized in IPA as [n]. The (-in)USA pronunciation pronunciation therefore reflects the use of one nasal as against another and not, as is popularly supposed, "dropping the g,'' since no actual g-sound is involved. Many speakers use both pronunciations, depending on the speed of utterance and the relative formality of the occasion, with (-ing)USA pronunciation considered the more formal variant. For some educated speakers, especially in the southern United States and Britain, (-in)USA pronunciation is in fact the more common pronunciation, while for other educated speakers, (-ing)USA pronunciation is common in virtually all circumstances. In response to correction from perceived authorities, many American speakers who would ordinarily use (-in)USA pronunciation at least some of the time make a conscious effort to say (-ing),USA pronunciation even in informal circumstances. -ing3 ,- a native English suffix meaning "one belonging to,'' "of the kind of,'' "one descended from,'' and sometimes having a diminutive force, formerly used in the formation of nouns: farthing;
shilling;
bunting;
gelding;
whiting. Cf. -ling1.
- Middle English, Old English -ing, cognate with Old Norse -ingr, -ungr, Gothic -ings
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: -ing suffix forming nouns - (from verbs) the action of, process of, result of, or something connected with the verb: coming, meeting, a wedding, winnings
- (from other nouns) something used in, consisting of, involving, etc: tubing, soldiering
- (from other parts of speech): an outing
Etymology: Old English -ing, -ung -ing suffix - forming the present participle of verbs: walking, believing
- forming participial adjectives: a growing boy, a sinking ship
- forming adjectives not derived from verbs: swashbuckling
Etymology: Middle English -ing, -inde, from Old English -ende -ing suffix forming nouns - a person or thing having a certain quality or being of a certain kind: sweeting, whiting
Etymology: Old English -ing; related to Old Norse -ingr |