释义 |
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024ˈhard ˈup, adj. [Informal.]- in need of money:too hard up to afford new shoes.
- [ be + ~ (+ for)] feeling a lack:He's hard up for friends.
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024hard /hɑrd/USA pronunciation adj. andadv., -er, -est. adj. - not soft;
solid and firm to the touch:The rock felt hard in his fist. - firmly formed;
tight:a hard knot. - difficult to do or accomplish;
troublesome:a hard task.[It + be + ~ + to + verb]It was hard to do that task.[be + ~ + to + verb]You are hard to please. - involving a great deal of effort or energy:hard labor.
- performing or carrying on work with great effort or energy:a hard worker.
- violent in force;
severe:took a hard fall. - unfortunate:hard luck.
- harsh;
rough; cruel:hard treatment; a hard taskmaster.[be + ~ + on + object]Don't be so hard on your kids. - severe;
austere:a hard winter. - difficult to explain away:[before a noun]hard facts.
- factual or definitely true:[before a noun]hard information.
- resentful;
bitter:[before a noun]hard feelings. - examining closely;
searching:[before a noun]took a hard look at our finances. - lacking delicacy or softness;
sharp:a face with hard features. - severe or demanding in terms:[before a noun]a hard bargain.
- Chemistry(of water) containing mineral salts that interfere with the action of soap.
- Economics[usually: before a noun] in coins or paper money as distinguished from checks, etc.:hard cash.
- Business(of paper money) backed by gold reserves:hard currency.
- Wine(of alcoholic beverages)
- containing more than 22.5 percent alcohol by volume.
- Drugs[before a noun] (of an illegal narcotic or drug) causing physical addiction.
- Phonetics(of the letters c and g) pronounced as (k) in come and (g) in go.
adv. - with great exertion:to work hard.
- intently or critically:to look hard at a decision.
- harshly or severely:workers were hit hard by the recession.
- so as to be solid, tight, or firm:The ice was frozen hard.
- in a deeply emotional manner:He took the news very hard.
Idioms- Idioms hard by, near;
in close proximity to. - Idioms hard put, [be + ~] barely able:We are hard put to pay the rent.
hard•ness, n. [uncountable] WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024hard (härd),USA pronunciation adj., -er, -est, adv., -er, -est, n. adj. - not soft;
solid and firm to the touch; unyielding to pressure and impenetrable or almost impenetrable. - firmly formed;
tight:a hard knot. - difficult to do or accomplish;
fatiguing; troublesome:a hard task. - difficult or troublesome with respect to an action, situation, person, etc.:hard to please; a hard time.
- difficult to deal with, manage, control, overcome, or understand:a hard problem.
- involving a great deal of effort, energy, or persistence:hard labor; hard study.
- performing or carrying on work with great effort, energy, or persistence:a hard worker.
- vigorous or violent in force;
severe:a hard rain; a hard fall. - bad;
unendurable; unbearable:hard luck. - oppressive;
harsh; rough:hard treatment. - austere;
severe:a hard winter; the hard times of the Great Depression. - harsh or severe in dealing with others:a hard master.
- difficult to explain away;
undeniable:hard facts. - that can be verified;
factual, as distinguished from speculation or hearsay:hard information. - harsh or unfriendly;
resentful; severe; bitter:hard feelings; hard words. - of stern judgment or close examination;
searching:a hard look. - lacking delicacy or softness;
not blurred or diffused; clear and distinct; sharp; harsh:a hard line; hard features;a hard face. - Photography(of a photograph) contrasty.
- severe or rigorous in terms:a hard bargain.
- sternly realistic;
dispassionate; unsentimental:a hard, practical man; a hard view of life. - incorrigible;
disreputable; tough:a hard character. - [Scot. and North Eng.]niggardly;
stingy. - Economicsin coins or paper money as distinguished from checks, securities, promissory notes, or other negotiable instruments).
- Economics, Business(of paper money or a monetary system) supported by sufficient gold reserves and easily convertible into the currency of a foreign nation.
- Banking(of money) scarce or available at high interest rates:a hard loan.
- Businessdenoting assets with intrinsic value, as gold, silver, or diamonds.
- (of alcoholic beverages)
- containing more than 22.5 percent alcohol by volume, as whiskey and brandy as opposed to beer and wine.
- strong because of fermentation;
intoxicating:hard cider.
- Wine(of wine) tasting excessively of tannin.
- Drugs(of an illicit narcotic or drug) known to be physically addictive, as opium, morphine, or cocaine.
- Chemistry(of water) containing mineral salts that interfere with the action of soap.
- (of bread and baked goods)
- having a firm, crisp crust or texture:hard rolls.
- stale or tough.
- Textiles(of a fabric) having relatively little nap;
smooth:Silk is a harder fabric than wool or cotton. - Rocketry(of the landing of a rocket or space vehicle) executed without decelerating:a hard landing on the moon.Cf. soft (def. 28).
- (of a missile base) equipped to launch missiles from underground silos.
- (of a missile) capable of being launched from an underground silo.
- [Mil.]being underground and strongly protected from nuclear bombardment.
- Agriculturenoting wheats with high gluten content, milled for a bread flour as contrasted with pastry flour.
- Phonetics
- fortis.
- (of c and g) pronounced as (k) in come and (g) in go, rather than as in cent, cello, suspicion, gem, or beige.
- (of consonants in Slavic languages) not palatalized. Cf. soft (def. 26).
- Textiles(in the making of rope) noting a lay having a considerable angle to the axis of the rope;
short. - Physics(of a beam of particles or photons) having relatively high energy:hard x-rays.Cf. soft (def. 29).
- Physiology(of the penis) erect.
- hard of hearing. See hearing-impaired.
- hard up, [Informal.]
- urgently in need of money.
- feeling a lack or need:The country is hard up for technicians and doctors.
adv. - with great exertion;
with vigor or violence; strenuously:to work hard; to try hard. - earnestly, intently, or critically:to look hard at a thing.
- harshly or severely.
- so as to be solid, tight, or firm:frozen hard.
- with strong force or impact:She tripped and came down hard on her back.
- in a deeply affected manner;
with genuine sorrow or remorse:She took it very hard when they told her of his death. - closely;
immediately:Failure and defeat seemed hard at hand. The decision to ban students from the concerts followed hard on the heels of the riot. - to an unreasonable or extreme degree;
excessively; immoderately:He's hitting the bottle pretty hard. - Nautical, Naval Termsclosely, fully, or to the extreme limit:hard aport; hard alee.
- be hard on, to deal harshly with;
be stern:You are being too hard on him. - hard by, in close proximity to;
near:The house is hard by the river. - hard put, in great perplexity or difficulty;
at a loss:We were hard put to finish the examination in one hour. n. - Nautical, Naval Termsa firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water.
- [Brit.]
- a firm or solid beach or foreshore.
- a firm landing, jetty, or road across or adjoining the foreshore.
- [Brit. Slang.]See hard labor.
- bef. 900; Middle English; Old English heard; cognate with Dutch hard, German hart, Old Norse harthr, Gothic hardus; akin to Greek kratýs strong, Ionic dialect, dialectal kártos strength (compare -cracy)
- 1.See corresponding entry in Unabridged inflexible, rigid, compressed, compact, dense, resisting, adamantine, flinty. See firm 1.
- 3.See corresponding entry in Unabridged toilsome, burdensome, wearisome, exhausting. Hard, difficult both describe something resistant to one's efforts or one's endurance. Hard is the general word:hard times; It was hard to endure the severe weather.Difficult means not easy, and particularly denotes that which requires special effort or skill:a difficult task.
- 5.See corresponding entry in Unabridged complex, complicated, perplexing, puzzling, intricate, knotty, tough.
- 6.See corresponding entry in Unabridged arduous, onerous, laborious.
- 8.See corresponding entry in Unabridged stormy, tempestuous.
- 10.See corresponding entry in Unabridged severe, rigorous, grinding, cruel, merciless, unsparing.
- 12.See corresponding entry in Unabridged stern, austere, strict, exacting, relentless, obdurate, adamant; unyielding, unpitying. Hard, callous, unfeeling, unsympathetic imply a lack of interest in, feeling for, or sympathy with others. Hard implies insensibility, either natural or acquired, so that the plight of others makes no impression on one:a hard taskmaster.Callous may mean the same or that one is himself or herself insensitive to hurt as the result of continued repression and indifference:a callous answer; callous to criticism.Unfeeling implies natural inability to feel with and for others:an unfeeling and thoughtless remark.Unsympathetic implies an indifference that precludes pity, compassion, or the like:unsympathetic toward distress.
- 13.See corresponding entry in Unabridged incontrovertible.
- 1.See corresponding entry in Unabridged soft.
- 3 –6.See corresponding entry in Unabridged easy.
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: hard /hɑːd/ adj - firm or rigid; not easily dented, crushed, or pierced
- toughened by or as if by physical labour; not soft or smooth: hard hands
- difficult to do or accomplish; arduous: a hard task
- difficult to understand or perceive: a hard question
- showing or requiring considerable physical or mental energy, effort, or application: hard work, a hard drinker
- exacting; demanding: a hard master
- harsh; cruel: a hard fate
- inflicting pain, sorrow, distress, or hardship: hard times
- tough or adamant: a hard man
- forceful or violent: a hard knock
- cool or uncompromising: we took a long hard look at our profit factor
- indisputable; real: hard facts
- (of water) impairing the formation of a lather by soap
- practical, shrewd, or calculating: he is a hard man in business
- too harsh to be pleasant: hard light
- (of currency) in strong demand, esp as a result of a good balance of payments situation
- (of credit) difficult to obtain; tight
- (of alcoholic drink) being a spirit rather than a wine, beer, etc
- (of a drug such as heroin, morphine, or cocaine) highly addictive
- (of radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays) having high energy and the ability to penetrate solids
- chiefly US (of goods) durable
- short for hard-core
- (not in modern technical usage) denoting the consonants c and g in English when they are pronounced as velar stops (k, g)
- being heavily fortified and protected
- (of nuclear missiles) located underground in massively reinforced silos
- politically extreme: the hard left
- Brit NZ informal incorrigible or disreputable (esp in the phrase a hard case)
- a hard nut to crack ⇒ a person not easily persuaded or won over
- a thing not easily understood
- hard by ⇒ near; close by
- hard up ⇒ informal in need of money; poor
- (followed by for) in great need (of): hard up for suggestions
adv - with great energy, force, or vigour: the team always played hard
- as far as possible; all the way: hard left
- with application; earnestly or intently: she thought hard about the formula
- with great intensity, force, or violence: his son's death hit him hard
- followed by on, upon, by, or after: close; near: hard on his heels
- (followed by at) assiduously; devotedly
- with effort or difficulty: their victory was hard won
- (in combination): hard-earned
- slowly and reluctantly: prejudice dies hard
- go hard with ⇒ to cause pain or difficulty to (someone)
- hard put, hard put to it ⇒ scarcely having the capacity (to do something)
n - Brit a roadway across a foreshore
- slang hard labour
- slang an erection of the penis (esp in the phrase get or have a hard on)
Etymology: Old English heard; related to Old Norse harthr, Old Frisian herd, Old High German herti, Gothic hardus hard, Greek kratus strong |