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单词 contumacy
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WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024
con•tu•ma•cy  (kontŏŏ mə sē, -tyŏŏ-),USA pronunciation n., pl. -cies. 
  1. stubborn perverseness or rebelliousness;
    willful and obstinate resistance or disobedience to authority.
  • Latin contumācia, equivalent. to contumāc-, stem of contumāx unyielding, stubborn (con- con- + -tum- of uncertain sense, though connected by classical authors with both contemnere to regard with contempt and tumēre to swell) + -āx adjective, adjectival suffix) + -ia -ia
  • Middle English contumacie 1150–1200

Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers::
contumacy /ˈkɒntjʊməsɪ/ n ( pl -cies)
  1. obstinate and wilful rebelliousness or resistance to authority; insubordination; disobedience
  2. the wilful refusal of a person to appear before a court or to comply with a court order
Etymology: 14th Century: from Latin contumācia, from contumāx obstinate; related to tumēre to swell, be proud
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