释义 |
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024stem1 /stɛm/USA pronunciation n., v., stemmed, stem•ming. n. [countable] - Botanythe part of a plant that grows in an opposite direction to the root and that supports a leaf, flower, or fruit.
- a long, slender, supporting part, as of a wineglass or a tobacco pipe.
- Timea part that sticks out from the body of a watch, having on its end a knob for winding the watch.
- Grammara form of a word, made of a root alone or a root plus another part, such as a prefix or suffix, to which certain endings may be added:The word kindness is a stem made up of a root, kind, and a suffix, -ness, to which another suffix, -es, could be added.
v. - stem from, [~ + from + object] to come from;
arise or originate from:Most of our problems stem from a lack of funds. stem2 /stɛm/USA pronunciation v. [~ + object], stemmed, stem•ming. - to check or slow down, esp. the flow of something:worked to stem the flow of blood from the wound.
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024stem1 (stem),USA pronunciation n., v., stemmed, stem•ming. n. - Botanythe ascending axis of a plant, whether above or below ground, which ordinarily grows in an opposite direction to the root or descending axis.
- Botanythe stalk that supports a leaf, flower, or fruit.
- Botanythe main body of that portion of a tree, shrub, or other plant which is above ground;
trunk; stalk. - Botanya cut flower:We bought roses at the flower market for 50¢ a stem.
- Botanya petiole;
peduncle; pedicel. - Botanya stalk of bananas.
- something resembling or suggesting a leaf or flower stalk.
- a long, slender part:the stem of a tobacco pipe.
- the slender, vertical part of a goblet, wineglass, etc., between the bowl and the base.
- Informal Termsa drinking glass having a stem.
- the handle of a spoon.
- Timea projection from the rim of a watch, having on its end a knob for winding the watch.
- Buildingthe circular rod in some locks about which the key fits and rotates.
- Buildingthe rod or spindle by which a valve is operated from outside.
- the stock or line of descent of a family;
ancestry or pedigree. - Grammarthe underlying form, often consisting of a root plus an affix, to which the inflectional endings of a word are added, as tend-, the stem in Latin tendere "to stretch,'' the root of which is ten-. Cf. base 1 (def. 18), theme (def. 5).
- Music and Dancethe vertical line forming part of a note.
- Slang Terms stems, the legs of a human being.
- the main or relatively thick stroke of a letter in printing.
v.t. - to remove the stem from (a leaf, fruit, etc.):Stem the cherries before cooking.
v.i. - to arise or originate:This project stems from last week's lecture.
- bef. 900; Middle English; Old English stemn, stefn, equivalent. to ste- (variant of sta-, base of standan to stand) + -mn- suffix; akin to German Stamm stem, tribe; see staff1
stem′less, adj. stem′like′, adj. stem2 (stem),USA pronunciation v., stemmed, stem•ming, n. v.t. - to stop, check, or restrain.
- Civil Engineeringto dam up;
stop the flow of (a stream, river, or the like). - Buildingto tamp, plug, or make tight, as a hole or joint.
- Sport[Skiing.]to maneuver (a ski or skis) in executing a stem.
- to stanch (bleeding).
v.i. - Sport[Skiing.]to execute a stem.
n. - Sport[Skiing.]the act or instance of a skier pushing the heel of one or both skis outward so that the heels are far apart, as in making certain turns or slowing down.
- Old Norse stemma to dam or Middle Low German stemmen
- late Middle English stemmen 1400–50
stem3 (stem),USA pronunciation v.t., stemmed, stem•ming. - Naval Termsto make headway against (a tide, current, gale, etc.).
- to make progress against (any opposition).
- verb, verbal use of stem4 1585–95
stem4 (stem),USA pronunciation n. [Naut.]- Nautical, Naval Terms(at the bow of a vessel) an upright into which the side timbers or plates are jointed.
- Nautical, Naval Termsthe forward part of a vessel (often opposed to stern).
- the cognate with Old Norse stamn, stafn in same sense
- bef. 900; continuing Old English stefn, stemn end-timber; special use of stem1; Middle English stampne, stamyn(e) apparently
stem5 (stem),USA pronunciation v.t., stemmed, stem•ming. - Nautical, Naval Termsto arrange the loading of (a merchant vessel) within a specified time.
- Old Norse stefna to sail directly, aim, derivative of stafn stem4
- variant of steven to direct one's course 1895–1900
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