| 释义 |
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024scratch /skrætʃ/USA pronunciation v. - to damage or mark the surface of by scraping with something rough: [~ + object]The cat scratched her.[no object]The cat scratched at the door.
- to (cause to) be removed with a scraping action: [~ + object]Did you scratch the paint on your new car?[no object]This paint won't scratch easily.
- to scrape slightly, as with the fingernails, to relieve itching: [no object]He scratched gently at his ear while he thought.[~ + object]He scratched his arm where the mosquito had bitten him.
- to draw on a rough, grating surface:[~ + object]to scratch one's initials on the rock.
- to remove (an entry) from a contest:[~ + object]He was scratched from the race at the last minute.
- to reject (an idea, etc.):[~ + object]Scratch that idea; it costs too much.
n. - Pathology a slight injury or mark caused by scratching:[countable]had a scratch on his face from the cat.
- [countable] a rough mark made by a pen, etc.;
scrawl. - [countable] the act of scratching.
- a slight grating sound produced by scratching:[countable]The scratches on the record made it impossible to enjoy the music.
- Slang Terms[uncountable]money.
adj. [before a noun] - used for notes, etc.:scratch paper.
- Informal Termsgathered together too quickly and without enough care:a scratch crew.
Idioms- Idioms from scratch, [uncountable]
- from the beginning or from nothing:Let's start from scratch.
- using basic pieces or ingredients rather than a commercial preparation:to bake a cake from scratch.
- Idioms up to scratch, as good as the standard;
satisfactory:Your work is not up to scratch.
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024scratch (skrach),USA pronunciation v.t. - to break, mar, or mark the surface of by rubbing, scraping, or tearing with something sharp or rough:to scratch one's hand on a nail.
- to dig, scrape, or tear (something) out or off with or as if with the nails, claws, etc.:to scratch the burs off one's coat.
- to rub or scrape slightly, as with the fingernails, to relieve itching.
- to rub or draw along a rough, grating surface:to scratch a match on the sidewalk.
- to erase, cancel, strike out, or eliminate (a name, something written, etc.) by or as if by drawing a line through it (often fol. by out):Scratch out the third name on the list.
- to withdraw (an entry) from a race or competition.
- Government[U.S. Politics.]
- to divide (one's vote) though predominantly supporting one political party or faction.
- to strike out or reject a particular name or names on (a party ticket) in voting.
- to write or draw by scraping or cutting the lines into a surface:She scratched her initials on the glass.
- to manipulate (a phonograph record) back and forth under the stylus to produce rhythmic sounds.
v.i. - to use the nails, claws, etc., for tearing, digging, etc.
- to relieve itching by rubbing or scraping lightly, as with the fingernails.
- to make a slight grating noise, as a pen.
- to earn a living or to manage in any respect with great difficulty:We scratched along that year on very little money.
- to withdraw or be withdrawn from a contest or competition.
- Games(in certain card games) to make no score;
earn no points. - Games[Billiards, Pool.]to make a shot that results in a penalty, esp. to pocket the cue ball without hitting the object ball.
n. - Pathologya slight injury, mar, or mark, usually thin and shallow, caused by scratching:three scratches on my leg; a noticeable scratch on the table.
- a rough mark made by a pen, pencil, etc.;
scrawl. - an act of scratching.
- the slight grating sound caused by scratching.
- the starting place, starting time, or status of a competitor in a handicap who has no allowance and no penalty.
- Games[Billiards, Pool.]
- a shot resulting in a penalty, esp. a pocketing of the cue ball without hitting the object ball.
- a fluke or lucky shot.
- Games(in certain card games) a score of zero;
nothing. - Sport[Baseball.]See scratch hit.
- ClothingSee scratch wig.
- Slang Termsmoney;
cash. - Idioms from scratch:
- from the very beginning or starting point.
- from nothing;
without resources:After the depression he started another business from scratch.
- Idioms up to scratch, in conformity with a certain standard;
adequate;
satisfactory:The local symphony orchestra has improved this year, but it is still not up to scratch.
adj. - used for hasty writing, notes, etc.:scratch paper.
- without any allowance, penalty, or handicap, as a competitor or contestant.
- Informal Termsdone by or dependent on chance:a scratch shot.
- Informal Termsgathered hastily and indiscriminately:a scratch crew.
- done or made from scratch:a scratch cake.
- 1425–75; late Middle English scracche (verb, verbal), blend of, blended Middle English scratte to scratch, and cracche to scratch; cognate with Middle Dutch cratsen
- Old Scratch;
Satan.
- 1730–40; alteration of scrat hermaphrodite (late Middle English scratte; compare Old English scritta (once), which may be an error for *scratta); cognate with Old Norse skratti devil, goblin, wizard, Old High German skraz wood-demon
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