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单词 running
释义

WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024
run•ning /ˈrʌnɪŋ/USA pronunciation   n. [uncountable]
  1. the act of a person, animal, or thing that runs.
  2. management;
    direction:the running of a business.

adj. [before a noun]
  1. flowing, as from taps or pipes:running water.
  2. carried on continuously:a running commentary.
  3. performed with, used for, or done with a run:a running leap and off he went.
  4. Pathologyleaking pus or other material:a running sore.
  5. moving or proceeding smoothly:They got off to a running start.

adv. [after a plural noun* with a number]
  1. one after the other;
    consecutively:Cars were stolen from that neighborhood three nights running.
Idioms
  1. Idioms, in the running, under consideration as a candidate:two nominees still in the running.
  2. Idioms out of the running:
    • not under consideration as a candidate:Because he had no credentials he was out of the running.
    • not among the winners or runners-up:He was now out of the running in the tournament.


WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024
run•ning  (run′ing),USA pronunciation n. 
  1. the act of a person, animal, or thing that runs.
  2. managing or directing:the running of a business.
  3. an act or instance of racing:the 113th running of the Kentucky Derby.
  4. the condition of a track or surface to be run or raced on;
    footing:Our track team had muddy running today.
  5. the amount, quality, or type of a liquid flow.
  6. in the running:
    • participating or entered as a competitor.
    • under consideration as a candidate or possible choice:Who is still in the running for the directorship?
    • among the winners or those making a good showing.
  7. out of the running:
    • not competing in a contest or race.
    • not among the winners or runners-up in a contest or race:to finish out of the running.

adj. 
  1. galloping, racing, moving, or passing rapidly.
  2. (of a horse)
    • going or proceeding rapidly at the gait of a gallop.
    • taught to proceed at a gallop.
  3. Botanycreeping or climbing, as plants:a running vine.
  4. moving or proceeding easily or smoothly.
  5. moving when pulled or hauled, as a rope.
  6. slipping or sliding easily, as a knot or a noose.
  7. operating or functioning, as a machine.
  8. Weights and Measures(of measurement) linear;
    straight-line.
  9. cursive, as handwriting.
  10. flowing, as a stream.
  11. liquid or fluid.
  12. present;
    current:the running month.
  13. prevalent, as a condition or state:running prices.
  14. going or carried on continuously;
    sustained:a running commentary.
  15. extending or repeated continuously:a running pattern.
  16. performed with or during a run:a running leap.
  17. Pathologydischarging pus or other matter:a running sore.
  18. Nautical, Naval Termsnoting any of various objects or assemblages of objects that may be moved in ordinary use:running bowsprit; running gaff.
  19. [Naut., Mach.]
    • Naval Termsnoting any block of a tackle that moves.
    • Naval Termsnoting the part of the fall of a tackle that moves through the blocks (opposed to standing).

adv. 
  1. in succession;
    consecutively:He slept badly for three nights running.
  • 1150–1200; Middle English; see run, -ing1, -ing2

Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers::
running /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ adj
  1. maintained continuously; incessant: a running battle, running commentary
  2. (postpositive) without interruption; consecutive: he lectured for two hours running
  3. denoting or relating to the scheduled operation of a public vehicle: the running time of a train
  4. accomplished at a run: a running jump
  5. (of a knot) sliding along the rope from which it is made, so as to form a noose which becomes smaller when the rope is pulled
  6. (of a wound, sore, etc) discharging pus or a serous fluid
  7. prevalent; current: running prices
  8. repeated or continuous: a running design
  9. (of certain plants, plant stems, etc) creeping along the ground
  10. flowing: running water
  11. (of handwriting) having the letters run together
 n
  1. management or organization: the running of a company
  2. operation or maintenance: the running of a machine
  3. competition or a competitive situation (in the phrases in the running, out of the running)
  4. make the running ⇒ to set the pace in a competition or race
  5. rare the power or ability to run
WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024
run /rʌn/USA pronunciation   v., ran/ræn/USA pronunciation  run, run•ning, n. 
v. 
  1. to go quickly by moving the legs more rapidly than at a walk:[no object]He ran down the street.
  2. to perform by or as if by running:[~ + object]She ran an errand.
  3. to go or cross (a distance) in running:[~ + object]He ran the mile in under four minutes.
  4. to enter in a race:[~ + object]She ran her horse in the last race.
  5. to pass something (over or through) quickly:[~ + object]He ran his fingers lightly over the keyboard.
  6. to go to for aid, etc.:[no object]He is always running to his parents.
  7. to make a quick trip or visit:[no object]to run to the supermarket.
  8. to carry or transport:[~ + object]I'll run you home in my car.
  9. to (cause to) move freely: [no object]At least here the dog can run around in the park.[~ + object]Take the dog and run him around the track.
  10. to (cause to) move forward: [no object]The ball ran into the street.[~ + object]The golfer ran the ball too far and it rolled off the green.
  11. to (cause to) be a candidate for election: [no object]She's running for vice president.[~ + object]The party ran its best candidates in the last election.
  12. (of a ship, car, etc.) to (cause to) be sailed or driven from a proper or given route: [no object]The ship ran aground.[~ + object]The driver ran the car up onto the curb.
  13. to (cause to) go back and forth between places or along a certain route: [no object]The bus runs between New Haven and Hartford.[~ + object]The company runs ferries between New York and Hoboken.
  14. to (cause to) unravel, as stitches or a fabric: [no object]Her stockings ran when she knelt down quickly.[~ + object]to run the stocking.
  15. to (cause to) flow in or as if in a stream: [no object]Tears ran from her eyes. Her nose was running.[~ + object]He ran some hot water into the tub.
  16. (of colors) to spread to other things:[no object]The colors in your blouse will run if you use hot water.
  17. to (cause to) operate or function: [no object]How is the office running these days?[~ + object]Run the dishwasher again and let's see if it works.
  18. to manage or conduct:[~ + object]to run a business.
  19. to be within a range of a certain size, number, etc.:[no object]The grades on the last exam ran from B + to F.
  20. to (cause to) meet or endure a certain condition:[no object]to run into trouble.
  21. to tend to have a specified quality, form, etc.:[~ + to + object]This novel runs to long descriptions.
  22. to be stated or worded:[no object]The text runs as follows.
  23. to amount;
    total:[~ + to + object]The bill ran to $100.
  24. to cost (an amount):[~ + object]This watch runs $30 or so.
  25. to cost (a person) an amount:[~ + object + object]The car repair will run you $90.
  26. to continue, extend, stretch, or last:[not: be + ~-ing* no object]The story runs for eight pages.
  27. to put so as to extend in a particular direction:[~ + object]to run the television cable under the road.
  28. to (cause to) appear in print: [no object]The story ran in all the papers.[~ + object]The newspaper ran the story on page 1.
  29. Show Businessto (cause to) be performed: [no object]The play ran for two years.[~ + object]to run the movie for two years until it made a profit.
  30. to occur again through time:[no object]Musical ability runs in my family.
  31. to get past or through without stopping:[~ + object]to run a blockade.
  32. Computing to process (the instructions in a program) by computer:[~ + object]For some reason the computer runs the program but then stops.
  33. to place oneself in danger, at risk, etc.:[~ + object]running some big risks.
  34. to drive, force, or thrust:[~ + object]ran the sword through his opponent's heart.
  35. run across, [~ + across + object] to meet or find accidentally:I ran across an old friend.
  36. run after, [~ + after + object]
    • to chase or pursue:The police ran after the thief.
    • to try to gain or obtain:to run after wealth.
  37. run along, [no object] to leave;
    go away:Run along, children, and play outside.
  38. run around, [no object]
    • to be involved in many different activities.
    • to have more than one romantic involvement.
  39. run away, [no object] to flee, esp. with no intent to return:The three-year-old said she was going to run away.
  40. run away with, [~ + away + with + object]
    • to go away with, esp. to marry:Her husband ran away with another woman.
    • to steal:to run away with all the money.
    • to get by surpassing others, as a prize:ran away with all the prizes.
    • to overwhelm;
      get the better of:Sometimes his enthusiasm runs away with him.
  41. run down:
    • to strike and overturn, esp. with a vehicle: [~ + object + down]He accidentally ran the child down.[~ + down + object]He ran down the child.
    • to chase after and seize: [~ + down + object]to run down criminals.[~ + object + down]to run them down and catch them.
    • [~ + down + object] to read through quickly:He ran down the list of figures.
    • [no object] to cease operation;
      stop:The battery ran down in just a few hours.
    • to speak badly about (someone): [~ + down + object]always running down his friends.[~ + object + down]always running me down.
    • to search out;
      find: [~ + down + object]to run down some leads in the murder case.[~ + object + down]to run some leads down.
  42. run in, [Informal.]to arrest: [~ + in + object]The police officers ran in all the usual suspects.[~ + object + in]promised he'd run me in if he ever caught me again.
  43. run into, [~ + object]
    • to collide with:We ran into each other and fell.
    • to meet accidentally:ran into an old friend just the other day.
    • [Informal.]to amount to;
      total:This project could run into the millions.
  44. run off:
    • [no object] to leave quickly;
      run away:ran off before I could thank her.
    • to create quickly and easily: [~ + off + object]to run off a term paper in an hour.[~ + object + off]ran his rehearsed answers off quickly in the debate.
    • to drive away;
      expel: [~ + off + object]ran off the pesky stray dog.[~ + object + off]ran the stray dog off.
    • to print, print out, or duplicate: [~ + off + object]to run off 500 copies.[~ + object + off]to run a few copies off.
  45. run off with, [~ + off + with + object]
    • to steal;
      abscond with:running off with the money.
    • to leave suddenly with, so as to marry or have an affair with:ran off with the mayor's wife.
  46. run on, [no object] to continue without relief or interruption:He ran on about his computer so long that I was bored stiff.
  47. run out:
    • [no object] to come to an end;
      to be finished:My visa has run out.
    • [no object] to become used up;
      to have no more:The fuel has run out.
    • [~ + object + out] to drive out;
      expel:could run us out with threats or intimidation.
  48. run out of, [~ + out + of + object] to use up a supply of:We've run out of wood; how will we make a fire?
  49. run over:
    • to hit with a vehicle, esp. when severe injury or death results: [~ + over + object]The car ran over several people in the park.[~ + object + over]The driver ran the child over.
    • [~ + over + object] to go beyond;
      exceed:His speech ran over the time limit.
    • [~ + over + object] to repeat;
      review:Let's run over that song again.
    • [no object] to overflow, as a container.
  50. run through:
    • [~ + object + through] to pierce or stab, as with a sword:Cyrano ran him through.
    • [~ + through + object] to consume or use up wastefully:He ran through all their money.
    • [~ + through + object] to practice or rehearse:Let's run through that tune one more time.
  51. run to, [~ + to + object] to amount to;
    reach:The bill ran to several hundred dollars.
  52. run up:
    • to gather, accumulate, or amass: [~ + up + object]running up huge debts.[no object]Huge debts have run up.
  53. run with, [~ + with + object][Informal.]to proceed with:If the board likes the idea, we'll run with it.

n. [countable]
  1. a fleeing;
    flight:a quick run for the border.
  2. the distance covered, as by running.
  3. a quick trip:a few runs to the grocery store.
  4. a routine or regular trip:the deliveryman's usual run.
  5. a period of operation of a machine:a 14-hour run for each generator.
  6. the amount produced in such a period:The newspaper has runs of over a million copies a day.
  7. a course, trend, or tendency:the normal run of events.
  8. freedom to use something:[usually singular]to have the run of the house.
  9. Show Businessa continuous series, course, or extent:a run of good luck.
  10. any extensive and continued demand:a sudden run on umbrellas.
  11. a series of demands for payment, as on a bank:a run on the banks.
  12. an inclined course, such as on a slope:a bobsled run.
  13. [Baseball.]the score made by running around all the bases and reaching home plate.
  14. the runs, [Informal.]diarrhea: [uncountable; used with a singular verb]Having the runs is very unpleasant.[plural* used with a plural verb]The runs were very unpleasant.
Idioms
  1. Idioms in the long run, in the course of long experience:In the long run your stocks will earn money.
  2. Idioms, in the short run, in the near future:The stocks are losing money in the short run.
  3. Idioms on the run:
    • scurrying about to perform one's activities:on the run from morning till night.
    • while rushing to get somewhere:eating breakfast on the run.
    • moving from place to place so as to hide from the police.
  4. Idioms run for it, [no object][Informal.]to flee quickly:We'd better run for it; the police are right behind us.
  5. Idioms run off at the mouth, [Informal.]to talk without stopping or without thinking:constantly running off at the mouth.
  6. Idioms run short, [no object] to have an insufficiency of something:My patience is running short.


WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024
run  (run),USA pronunciation v., ran, run, run•ning, n., adj. 
v.i. 
  1. to go quickly by moving the legs more rapidly than at a walk and in such a manner that for an instant in each step all or both feet are off the ground.
  2. to move with haste;
    act quickly:Run upstairs and get the iodine.
  3. to depart quickly;
    take to flight;
    flee or escape:to run from danger.
  4. to have recourse for aid, support, comfort, etc.:He shouldn't run to his parents with every little problem.
  5. to make a quick trip or informal visit for a short stay at a place:to run up to New York; I will run over to see you after dinner.
  6. to go around, rove, or ramble without restraint (often fol. by about):to run about in the park.
  7. to move, roll, or progress from momentum or from being hurled, kicked, or otherwise propelled:The wheel ran over the curb and into the street.
  8. [Sports.]
    • to take part in a race or contest.
    • to finish in a race or contest in a certain numerical position:The horse ran second.
  9. to be or campaign as a candidate for election.
  10. to migrate, as fish:to run in huge shoals.
  11. to migrate upstream or inshore from deep water to spawn.
  12. to move under continuing power or force, as of the wind, a motor, etc.:The car ran along the highway.
  13. (of a ship, automobile, etc.) to be sailed or driven from a safe, proper, or given route:The ship ran aground.
  14. to ply between places, as a vessel or conveyance:This bus runs between New Haven and Hartford.
  15. to move, glide, turn, rotate, or pass easily, freely, or smoothly:A rope runs in a pulley.
  16. to creep, trail, or climb, as growing vines:The ivy ran up the side of the house.
  17. to come undone or to unravel, as stitches or a fabric:these stockings run easily.
  18. to flow, as a liquid:Let the water run before you drink it.
  19. to flow along, esp. strongly, as a stream or the sea:The rapids ran over the rocks.
  20. to empty or transfer contents:The river ran into the sea.
  21. to appear, occur, or exist within a certain limited range;
    include a specific range of variations (usually fol. by from):Your work runs from fair to bad.
  22. to melt and flow or drip:Wax ran down the burning candle.
  23. [Golf.](of a golf ball) to bounce or roll along the ground just after landing from a stroke:The ball struck the green and ran seven feet past the hole.
  24. to spread on being applied to a surface, as a liquid:Fresh paint ran over the window molding onto the pane.
  25. to spread over a material when exposed to moisture:The dyes in this fabric are guaranteed not to run in washing.
  26. to undergo a spreading of colors:materials that run when washed.
  27. to flow forth as a discharge:Tears ran from her eyes.
  28. to discharge or give passage to a liquid or fluid:Her eyes ran with tears.
  29. to operate or function:How does your new watch run? Cars run on gasoline.
  30. to be in operation:the noise of a dishwasher running.
  31. to continue in operation:The furnace runs most of the day.
  32. to elapse;
    pass or go by, as time:Time is running out, and we must hurry.
  33. to pass into or meet with a certain state or condition:to run into debt; to run into trouble.
  34. to get or become:The well ran dry.
  35. to amount;
    total:The bill ran to $100.
  36. to be stated or worded in a certain manner:The minutes of the last meeting run as follows.
  37. [Com.]
    • to accumulate, follow, or become payable in due course, as interest on a debt:Your interest runs from January 1st to December 31st.
    • to make many withdrawals in rapid succession, as from a bank.
  38. [Law.]
    • to have legal force or effect, as a writ.
    • to continue to operate.
    • to go along with:The easement runs with the land.
  39. to proceed, continue, or go:The story runs for eight pages.
  40. to extend in a given direction:This road runs north to Litchfield.
  41. to extend for a certain length:The unpaved section runs for eight miles.
  42. to extend over a given surface:Shelves ran from floor to ceiling.
  43. to be printed, as on a printing press:Two thousand copies ran before the typo was caught.
  44. to appear in print or be published as a story, photograph, etc., in a newspaper, magazine, or the like:The account ran in all the papers. The political cartoon always runs on the editorial page.
  45. to be performed on a stage or be played continually, as a play:The play ran for two years.
  46. to occur or take place continuously, as a movie:The picture runs for two hours.
  47. to pass quickly:A thought ran through his mind. Her eyes ran over the room.
  48. to be disseminated, circulated, or spread rapidly:The news of his promotion ran all over town.
  49. to continue or return persistently;
    recur:The old tune ran through his mind all day.
  50. to have or tend to have or produce a specified character, quality, form, etc.:This novel runs to long descriptions. Her sister is fat too, but the family runs to being overweight.
  51. to be or continue to be of a certain or average size, number, etc.:Potatoes are running large this year.
  52. [Naut.]to sail before the wind.

v.t. 
  1. to move or run along (a surface, way, path, etc.):Every morning he ran the dirt path around the reservoir to keep in condition. She ran her fingers over the keyboard.
  2. to traverse (a distance) in running:He ran the mile in just over four minutes.
  3. to perform, compete in, or accomplish by or as by running:to run a race; to run an errand.
  4. to go about freely on or in without supervision:permitting children to run the streets.
  5. to ride or cause to gallop:to run a horse across a field.
  6. to enter in a race:He ran his best filly in the Florida Derby.
  7. to bring into a certain state by running:He ran himself out of breath trying to keep pace.
  8. to trace, track, pursue or hunt, as game:to run deer on foot.
  9. to drive (an animal) or cause to go by pursuing:to run a fox to cover; to run the stallion into the barn.
  10. to leave, flee, or escape from:He ran town before the robbery was discovered.
  11. to cause to ply between places, as a vessel or conveyance:to run a ferry between New York and New Jersey.
  12. to convey or transport, as in a vessel or vehicle:I'll run you home in my car.
  13. to cause to pass quickly:He ran his eyes over the letter. She ran a comb through her hair.
  14. to get past or through:to run a blockade.
  15. (of drivers or cyclists) to disregard (a red or amber traffic light) and continue ahead without stopping.
  16. to smuggle (contraband goods):to run guns across the border.
  17. to work, operate, or drive:Can you run a tractor?
  18. to publish, print, or make copies of, as on a printing press (sometimes fol. by off):Run off 3000 of these posters. The newspapers ran the story on page one.
  19. to process, refine, manufacture, or subject to an analysis or treatment:The doctor wanted to run a blood test. The factory ran 50,000 gallons of paint a day.
  20. to keep operating or going, as a machine:They ran the presses 24 hours a day.
  21. to keep (a motor) idling for an indefinite period:On cold days he would run the car motor to prevent stalling.
  22. to allow (a ship, automobile, etc.) to depart from a safe, proper, or given route, as by negligence or error:He ran the ship aground. She ran the car up on the curb.
  23. to sponsor, support, or nominate (a person) as a candidate for election.
  24. to manage or conduct:to run a business; to run one's own life.
  25. Computingto process (the instructions in a program) by computer.
  26. (in some games, as billiards) to continue or complete a series of successful strokes, shots, or the like.
  27. [Cards.]to lead a series (of one's assured tricks or winners in a given suit):He ran the heart suit before leading spades.
  28. to expose oneself to or be exposed to (a chance, risk, etc.):Through his habitual lateness he ran the danger of being fired.
  29. to cause (a liquid) to flow:to run the water for a bath.
  30. to fill (a tub or bath) with water:She ran a hot tub for him.
  31. to give forth or flow with (a liquid);
    pour forth or discharge:The well ran 500 barrels of oil daily.
  32. to charge (an item or items) as on a charge account or to accumulate (bills) to be paid all at one time:He ran a large monthly tab at the club.
  33. to cause to move easily, freely, or smoothly:to run a rope in a pulley.
  34. [Golf.]to cause (a golf ball) to move forward along the ground after landing from a stroke:He ran his ball seven feet past the hole.
  35. to sew or use a running stitch:to run a seam.
  36. to cause stitches in (a garment or fabric) to unravel or come undone:to run a stocking on a protruding nail.
  37. to bring, lead, or force into a certain state or condition:He ran his troops into an ambush. They ran themselves into debt.
  38. to drive, force, or thrust:to run a nail into a board;to run one's head against a wall;to run one's hand into one's pocket.
  39. to graze;
    pasture:They run sixty head of cattle on their ranch.
  40. to extend (something) in a particular direction or to a given point or place:to run a partition across a room; to run a telephone cable from Boston to Buffalo.
  41. [Carpentry.]to make (millwork) from boards.
  42. to cause to fuse and flow, as metal for casting in a mold.
  43. to draw, trace, or mark out, as a line:to run a line over a surface; to run a line through a word.
  44. to cost (an amount or approximate amount):This watch runs $30.
  45. to cost (a person) an amount or approximate amount:The car repair will run you a couple of hundred at least.
  46. run across, to meet or find accidentally:She ran across an old friend at the party. He ran across her name in the phone book.
  47. run afoul of:
    • [Naut.]to collide with so as to cause damage and entanglement.
    • to incur or become subject to the wrath or ill will of:to run afoul of the law; He argued with his father and has run afoul of him ever since.
  48. run after:
    • to follow;
      chase:The dog ran after the burglar.
    • to pursue or court the affections of, esp. in an aggressive manner:He ran after her until she agreed to marry him.
    • to attempt to become friendly with or part of the society of:He runs after the country-club set.
  49. run along, to leave;
    go on one's way:I have to run along now, but I'll see you tonight. Run along—can't you see I'm busy?
  50. run around:
    • (often fol. by with) to socialize;
      consort with:She runs around with the strangest people.
    • to be unfaithful to one's spouse or lover:It was common knowledge that he was running around.
  51. run away:
    • to flee or escape;
      leave a place of confinement or control with the intention of never returning:He ran away from home three times.
    • [Naut.]to haul on a line by walking or running steadily.
  52. run away with:
    • to go away with, esp. to elope with:She ran away with a sailor.
    • to abscond with;
      steal:to run away with some valuable jewelry.
    • to surpass others in;
      be outstanding in:to run away with academic honors.
    • to overwhelm;
      get the better of:Sometimes his enthusiasm runs away with him.
  53. run down:
    • to strike and fell or overturn, esp. to drive a vehicle into (someone):to run down an innocent pedestrian.
    • to pursue until captured;
      chase:The detective swore that he would run down the criminal.
    • to peruse;
      review:His eyes ran down the front row and stopped suddenly.
    • to cease operation;
      stop:My watch has run down.
    • to speak disparagingly of;
      criticize severely:The students were always running down their math teacher.
    • to search out;
      trace;
      find:to run down information.
    • [Baseball.]to tag out (a base runner) between bases.
    • [Naut.]to collide with and sink (another vessel).
    • [Naut.]to sail closely parallel to (a coast).
  54. run for it, to hurry away or flee, esp. to evade something:You had better run for it before anyone else arrives.
  55. run in:
    • to visit casually:If I'm in the neighborhood, I may run in for a few minutes.
    • to include in a text, as something to be inserted.
    • [Slang.]to arrest;
      take to jail:They ran him in for burglary.
    • [Print.]to add (matter) to text without indenting.
    • to break in (new machinery).
  56. run in place:
    • to go through the motions of running without leaving one's original place.
    • to exist or work without noticeable change, progress, or improvement.
  57. run into:
    • to crash into;
      collide with:She was so sleepy that she ran into a lamppost.
    • to meet accidentally:You never know whom you'll run into at a big party.
    • to amount to;
      total:losses that ran into millions of dollars.
    • to succeed;
      follow:One year ran into the next, and still there was no change.
    • to experience;
      encounter:The project ran into difficulty.
  58. run in with, [Naut.]to sail close to (a coast, vessel, etc.).
  59. run off:
    • to leave quickly;
      depart.
    • to create or perform rapidly or easily:to run off a new song.
    • to determine the winner of (a contest, race, etc.) by a runoff.
    • to drive away;
      expel:to run someone off one's property.
    • to print or otherwise duplicate:Please run off 500 copies.
  60. run off with:
    • to abscond with (something);
      steal or borrow;
      take:He ran off with the money. Who ran off with the pencil sharpener?
    • to elope:I hear she ran off with the Smith boy.
  61. run on:
    • to continue without interruption:The account that he gave ran on at some length.
    • [Print.]to add (matter) to text without indenting.
    • to add something, as at the end of a text:to run on an adverb to a dictionary entry.
  62. run out:
    • to terminate;
      expire:My subscription ran out last month. Time ran out before we could score another touchdown.
    • to become used up:His money soon ran out.
    • to drive out;
      expel:They want to run him out of the country.
  63. run out of, to exhaust a quantity or supply of:She couldn't bake a cake because she had run out of sugar.
  64. run out of gas, [Informal.]
    • to exhaust or lose one's energy, enthusiasm, etc.:After the first game of tennis, I ran out of gas and had to rest.
    • to falter for lack of impetus, ideas, capital, etc.:The economic recovery seems to be running out of gas.
  65. run out on, to withdraw one's support from;
    abandon:No one could accuse him of running out on his friends.
  66. run over:
    • to hit and knock down, esp. with a vehicle:She cried inconsolably when her cat was run over by a car.
    • to go beyond;
      exceed:His speech ran over the time limit.
    • to repeat;
      review:We'll run over that song again.
    • to overflow, as a vessel.
  67. run scared, to be thrown into a state of fear or uncertainty because of a perceived threat;
    be apprehensive about survival or the future:Many businesses are running scared because of increasing competition.
  68. run through:
    • to pierce or stab, as with a sword:to run someone through.
    • to consume or use up recklessly;
      squander:to run through a fortune.
    • to practice, review, or rehearse quickly or informally:to run through a scene.
  69. run up:
    • to sew rapidly:She ran up some curtains.
    • to amass;
      incur:running up huge debts.
    • to cause to increase;
      raise:to run up costs unnecessarily.
    • to build, esp. hurriedly:They are tearing down old tenement blocks and running up skyscrapers.
  70. run with, [Informal.]
    • to proceed or go ahead with:If the stockholders like the idea, we'll run with it.
    • to carry out with enthusiasm or speed.

n. 
  1. an act or instance, or a period of running:a five-minute run before breakfast.
  2. a hurrying to or from some point, as on an errand:a run to reach the store before it closes.
  3. a fleeing, esp. in great haste;
    flight:a run from the police who were hot on his trail.
  4. a running pace:The boys set out at a run.
  5. an act or instance or a period of moving rapidly, as in a boat or automobile:a run to shore before the storm.
  6. distance covered, as by racing, running, or during a trip:a three-mile run.
  7. an act or instance or a period of traveling or moving between two places;
    trip:a truck on its daily run from farm to market; a nonstop run from Louisville to Memphis.
  8. Computinga single instance of carrying out the sequence of instructions in a program.
  9. [Golf.]the distance that a golf ball moves along the ground after landing from a stroke:He got a seven-foot run with his chip shot.
  10. a quick trip for a short stay at a place:to take a run up to New York.
  11. [Mil.]
    • See bomb run. 
    • any portion of a military flight during which the aircraft flies directly toward the target in order to begin its attack:a strafing run.
  12. [Aeron.]
    • the rapid movement, under its own power, of an aircraft on a runway, water, or another surface.
    • a routine flight from one place to another:the evening run from New York to London.
  13. beat (def. 52b).
  14. an interval or period during which something, as a machine, operates or continues operating:They kept each press in the plant on a 14-hour run.
  15. the amount of anything produced in such a period:a daily run of 400,000 gallons of paint.
  16. pressrun.
  17. a line or place in knitted work where a series of stitches have slipped out or come undone:a run in a stocking.
  18. onward movement, development, progress, course, etc.:the run of our business from a small store to a large chain.
  19. the direction of something or of its component elements:the run of the grain of wood.
  20. the particular course, order, or tendency of something:the normal run of events.
  21. freedom to move around in, pass through, or use something:to allow one's guests the run of the house.
  22. any rapid or easy course of progress:a run from trainee to supervisor.
  23. a continuous series of performances, as of a play:a long run on Broadway.
  24. an uninterrupted course of some state or condition;
    a spell:a run of good luck; a run of good weather.
  25. a continuous extent of something, as a vein of ore.
  26. an uninterrupted series or sequence of things, events, etc.:a run of 30 scoreless innings.
  27. a sequence of cards in a given suit:a heart run.
  28. Games[Cribbage.]a sequence of three or more cards in consecutive denominations without regard to suits.
  29. any extensive continued demand, sale, or the like:a run on umbrellas on a rainy day.
  30. a series of sudden and urgent demands for payment, as on a bank.
  31. a period of being in demand or favor with the public:Her last book had a briefer run than her first.
  32. a period during which liquid flows:They kept each oil well on an eight-hour run.
  33. the amount that flows during such a period:a run of 500 barrels a day.
  34. a small stream;
    brook;
    rivulet.
  35. a flow or rush, as of water:The snow melting on the mountains caused a run of water into the valley.
  36. a kind or class, as of goods:a superior run of blouses.
  37. the typical, ordinary, or average kind:The run of 19th-century novels tends to be of a sociological nature.
  38. an inclined course, as on a slope, designed or used for a specific purpose:a bobsled run; a run for training beginning skiers.
  39. a fairly large enclosure within which domestic animals may move about freely;
    runway:a chicken run.
  40. [Australian.]a large sheep ranch or area of grazing land.
  41. the beaten track or usual trail used by deer or other wild animals;
    runway.
  42. a trough or pipe for water or the like.
  43. the movement of a number of fish upstream or inshore from deep water.
  44. large numbers of fish in motion, esp. inshore from deep water or up a river for spawning:a run of salmon.
  45. a number of animals moving together.
  46. [Music.]a rapid succession of tones;
    roulade.
  47. [Building Trades.]
    • the horizontal distance between the face of a wall and the ridge of a roof.
    • the distance between the first and last risers of a flight of steps or staircase.
    • the horizontal distance between successive risers on a flight of steps or a staircase.
  48. [Baseball.]the score unit made by safely running around all the bases and reaching home plate.
  49. a series of successful shots, strokes, or the like, in a game.
  50. [Naut.]the immersed portion of a hull abaft the middle body (opposed to entrance).
  51. the runs, (used with a singular or plural v.)[Informal.]diarrhea.
  52. a run for one's money:
    • close or keen competition:The out-of-town team gave us a run for our money.
    • enjoyment or profit in return for one's expense:This may not be the best tool kit, but it will give you a run for your money.
  53. in the long run, in the course of long experience;
    in the end:Retribution will come, in the long run.
  54. in the short run, as an immediate or temporary outcome:Recession may be averted in the short run if policy changes are made now.
  55. on the run:
    • moving quickly;
      hurrying about:He's so busy, he's always on the run.
    • while running or in a hurry:I usually eat breakfast on the run.
    • escaping or hiding from the police:He was on the run for two years.

adj. 
  1. melted or liquefied:run butter.
  2. poured in a melted state;
    run into and cast in a mold:run bronze.
  • Old Norse rinna, renna, partly continuing Old English rinnan; cognate with German rinnen; form run origin, originally past participle, later extended to present tense; (noun, nominal and adjective, adjectival) derivative of the verb, verbal
  • (verb, verbal) Middle English rinnen, rennen, partly bef. 900
run′na•ble, adj. 
run′na•bil′i•ty, n. 

Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers::
run /rʌn/ vb (runs, running, ran, run)
  1. (intransitive) (of a two-legged creature) to move on foot at a rapid pace so that both feet are off the ground together for part of each stride
  2. (of a four-legged creature) to move at a rapid gait; gallop or canter
  3. (transitive) to pass over (a distance, route, etc) in running: to run a mile, run a race
  4. (intransitive) to run in or finish a race as specified, esp in a particular position: John is running third
  5. (transitive) to perform or accomplish by or as if by running: to run an errand
  6. (intransitive) to flee; run away
  7. (transitive) to bring into a specified state or condition by running: to run oneself to a standstill
  8. (transitive) to track down or hunt (an animal): to run a fox to earth
  9. (transitive) to set (animals) loose on (a field or tract of land) so as to graze freely
  10. (intr; often followed by over, round or up) to make a short trip or brief informal visit: I'll run over to your house this afternoon
  11. to move quickly and easily on wheels by rolling, or in any of certain other ways: a ball running along the ground, a sledge running over snow
  12. to move or cause to move with a specified result or in a specified manner: to run a ship aground, to run into a tree
  13. (often followed by over) to move or pass or cause to move or pass quickly: to run a vacuum cleaner over the carpet, to run one's eyes over a page
  14. (tr; followed by into, out of, through, etc) to force, thrust, or drive: she ran a needle into her finger
  15. (transitive) to drive or maintain and operate (a vehicle)
  16. (transitive) to give a lift to (someone) in a vehicle; transport: he ran her to the railway station
  17. to ply or cause to ply between places on a route: the bus runs from Piccadilly to Golders Green
  18. to operate or be operated; function or cause to function: the engine is running smoothly
  19. (transitive) to perform or carry out: to run tests
  20. to extend or continue or cause to extend or continue in a particular direction, for a particular duration or distance, etc: the road runs north, the play ran for two years, the months ran into years
  21. (intransitive) to have legal force or effect: the lease runs for two more years
  22. (transitive) to be subjected to, be affected by, or incur: to run a risk, run a temperature
  23. (intransitive) often followed by to: to be characterized (by); tend or incline: her taste runs to extravagant hats, to run to fat
  24. (intransitive) to recur persistently or be inherent: red hair runs in my family
  25. to cause or allow (liquids) to flow or (of liquids) to flow, esp in a manner specified: water ran from the broken pipe, the well has run dry
  26. (intransitive) to melt and flow: the wax grew hot and began to run
  27. to melt or fuse
  28. (transitive) to mould or cast (molten metal): to run lead into ingots
  29. (intransitive) (of waves, tides, rivers, etc) to rise high, surge, or be at a specified height: a high sea was running that night
  30. (intransitive) to be diffused: the colours in my dress ran when I washed it
  31. (intransitive) (of stitches) to unravel or come undone or (of a garment) to have stitches unravel or come undone
  32. to sew (an article) with continuous stitches
  33. (intransitive) (of growing vines, creepers, etc) to trail, spread, or climb: ivy running over a cottage wall
  34. (intransitive) to spread or circulate quickly: a rumour ran through the town
  35. (intransitive) to be stated or reported: his story runs as follows
  36. to publish or print or be published or printed in a newspaper, magazine, etc: they ran his story in the next issue
  37. (often followed by for) chiefly US Canadian to be a candidate or present as a candidate for political or other office: Anderson is running for president
  38. (transitive) to get past or through; evade: to run a blockade
  39. (transitive) to deal in (arms, etc), esp by importing illegally: he runs guns for the rebels
  40. to sail (a vessel, esp a sailing vessel) or (of such a vessel) to be sailed with the wind coming from astern
  41. (intransitive)(of fish) to migrate upstream from the sea, esp in order to spawn
  42. (transitive) to score (a run or number of runs) by hitting the ball and running between the wickets
  43. (transitive) to make (a number of successful shots) in sequence
  44. (transitive) to hit (the ball) so that it rolls along the ground
  45. (transitive) to cash (all one's winning cards in a long suit) successively
 n
  1. an act, instance, or period of running
  2. a gait, pace, or motion faster than a walk: she went off at a run
  3. a distance covered by running or a period of running: a run of ten miles
  4. an act, instance, or period of travelling in a vehicle, esp for pleasure: to go for a run in the car
  5. free and unrestricted access: we had the run of the house and garden for the whole summer
  6. a period of time during which a machine, computer, etc, operates
  7. the amount of work performed in such a period
  8. a continuous or sustained period: a run of good luck
  9. a continuous sequence of performances: the play had a good run
  10. a sequence of winning cards in one suit, usually more than five: a run of spades
  11. tendency or trend: the run of the market
  12. type, class, or category: the usual run of graduates
  13. (usually followed by on) a continuous and urgent demand: a run on butter, a run on the dollar
  14. a series of unravelled stitches, esp in stockings or tights; ladder
  15. the characteristic pattern or direction of something: the run of the grain on a piece of wood
  16. a period during which water or other liquid flows
  17. the amount of such a flow
  18. a pipe, channel, etc, through which water or other liquid flows
  19. US a small stream
  20. a steeply inclined pathway or course, esp a snow-covered one used for skiing and bobsleigh racing
  21. an enclosure for domestic fowls or other animals, in which they have free movement: a chicken run
  22. (esp in Australia and New Zealand) a tract of land for grazing livestock
  23. the migration of fish upstream in order to spawn
  24. a mission in a warplane
  25. the movement of an aircraft along the ground during takeoff or landing
  26. a rapid scalelike passage of notes
  27. a score of one, normally achieved by both batsmen running from one end of the wicket to the other after one of them has hit the ball
  28. an instance of a batter touching all four bases safely, thereby scoring
  29. the distance that a ball rolls after hitting the ground
  30. a run for one's money ⇒ informal a strong challenge or close competition
  31. pleasure derived from an activity
  32. in the long run ⇒ as the eventual outcome of a sequence of events, actions, etc; ultimately
  33. in the short run ⇒ as the immediate outcome of a series of events, etc
  34. on the run ⇒ escaping from arrest; fugitive
  35. in rapid flight; retreating: the enemy is on the run
  36. hurrying from place to place: she's always on the run
  37. the runs ⇒ slang diarrhoea

See also runabout, run across, run along, run around, run away, run down, run in, run into, run off, run on, run out, run over, run through, run to, run upEtymology: Old English runnen, past participle of (ge)rinnan; related to Old Frisian, Old Norse rinna, Old Saxon, Gothic, Old High German rinnan
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