| 释义 |
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024pho•neme (fō′nēm),USA pronunciation n. [Ling.]- Phoneticsany of a small set of units, usually about 20 to 60 in number, and different for each language, considered to be the basic distinctive units of speech sound by which morphemes, words, and sentences are represented. They are arrived at for any given language by determining which differences in sound function to indicate a difference in meaning, so that in English the difference in sound and meaning between pit and bit is taken to indicate the existence of different labial phonemes, while the difference in sound between the unaspirated p of spun and the aspirated p of pun, since it is never the only distinguishing feature between two different words, is not taken as ground for setting up two different p phonemes in English. Cf. distinctive feature (def. 1).
- Greek phó̄nēma sound, equivalent. to phōnē-, verbid stem of phōneîn to make a sound (derivative of phoné̄ sound, voice) + -ma noun, nominal suffix denoting result of action
- French phonème
- 1890–95
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: phoneme /ˈfəʊniːm/ n - one of the set of speech sounds in any given language that serve to distinguish one word from another. A phoneme may consist of several phonetically distinct articulations, which are regarded as identical by native speakers, since one articulation may be substituted for another without any change of meaning. Thus /p/ and /b/ are separate phonemes in English because they distinguish such words as pet and bet, whereas the light and dark /l/ sounds in little are not separate phonemes since they may be transposed without changing meaning
Etymology: 20th Century: via French from Greek phōnēma sound, speech |