| 单词 | rough |
| 释义 | rough I. 1. a. < a rough board > < rough stone > < a tunic of rough serge — G.B.Shaw > < a rough roadway made of cinders and slag — Louis Bromfield > b. < rough satyrs danced — John Milton > < a rough hog > < rough sheep > < a face rough with two days' beard > c. (1) < rough hilly country > (2) < rough country … covered with dense jungle > 2. a. < the rough waters of the channel > < rough winds > < rough weather > < a rough voyage > < airsickness brought about by flight through rough air — H.G.Armstrong > b. (1) < a rough breed of men > < rough usage > < used rough, abusive language to the umpire > < a very rough society where men … violated the rights of others with impunity — W.P.Webb > (2) < a rough day > < a rough assignment > < things are rough all over — Hamilton Basso > < she had a bit of rough going — Fashion Digest > 3. a. (1) < a rough landscape > (2) < a radio emitting only rough sounds > (3) < rough whiskey > < a rough red wine > (4) < rough food > < rough clothes > (5) < rough rhymes > (6) < a rough anecdote for such an audience > b. (1) < rough farm workers > < rough hospitality > (2) < the rough kindness of … people — Harold Griffin > 4. a. < rough leather > < rough rice > < a rough performance > < sheets of rough … plate glass — Ellis Humphreys > b. < a rough draft > < a rough estimate > < rough data > < rough justice > < a rough idea of how a machine operates > < a rough wigwam fashioned of fir boughs — F.V.W.Mason > c. < a rough carpenter > d. < rough work > 5. a. < a rough vowel > b. of a stop consonant in ancient Greek 6. 7. Synonyms: < a rough edge > < a rough stone > From this the word has spread to indicate lack of regularity, modulation, and polish, with most but not all of its suggestions unpleasant < the rough blow of sheer force — J.R.Green > < the people of Teutonic speech had their rough verse — H.O.Taylor > < rough and graceless would be such a greeting — R.W.Emerson > uneven in its first uses simply indicated lack of evenness < an uneven road > < an uneven floor > In later senses it often indicates lack of uniformity or consistency of treatment < the book as a whole is an uneven achievement; for its writing ranges from the human and impassioned to the dully academic — David Hall > In its first use in reference to land surfaces rugged applies to land made very irregular and difficult by a series of irregularities, of hills and gullies, mountains and gorges < with much labor and puffing we drew ourselves up the rugged declivity — John Burroughs > Used in relation to style of composition, it stresses lack of smoothness and easy fluency < the most rugged-seeming of prose dialogue, the kind of dialogue that people sometimes praise as “simply a page torn from life” — C.E.Montague > In other uses it may suggest robust strength and endurance < I am not of a rugged constitution, and it irked me to be so feeble — C.B.Nordhoff & J.N.Hall > < the rugged countenance of the stoic Julia Shane — Louis Bromfield > < Litchfield was as rugged in its faith as the hills it nestled among — V.L.Parrington > Orig. meaning unpleasant to the touch because of irregularity, harsh has come to indicate that which is strongly unpleasant to any sense < the cognac was harsh — Winifred Bambrick > < that cold unfeeling prison, with the harsh noise of the large key and the fetters — Anthony Trollope > It is never complimentary. In other senses it applies to either that which may make one physically uncomfortable or that which may offend feelings of kindliness or justice < the genial influence of summer commonly prevails over the harsh austerity of winter — J.G.Frazer > < could not recall a harsh word that had been uttered by Amelia. She had been all sweetness and kindness — W.M.Thackeray > scabrous orig. simply indicated presence of raised protuberances, points, or dots and had no value judgments or implications < the scabrous leaf of the slippery elm > Possibly through an imagined relation with scabby, the word now has often the connotation of encrusted and may suggest the squalid or vile < tiny, scabrous stone cottages with squealing pigs on the first floor — Time > < collects the scandals of the day; on these he is … a connoisseur who is consulted upon scabrous discoveries — Osbert Sitwell > Synonym: see in addition rude. II. 1. a. < an acre of rough covered with … sumac — Gardeners' Chronicle > specifically < the stretch of rough for the next 15 … feet from the fairway is allowed to grow four or five inches high — R.T.Jones > — compare fairway 3 b. (1) (2) 2. < learn to take the rough with the smooth > 3. a. b. roughs plural 4. a. < the huge piece of rough was cut to a superb gem of 128 carats — Jewelers' Circular-Keystone > b. < the question … has been discussed in rough — Manchester Guardian Weekly > c. < has both roughs and finished work to show as samples — Illustrator > d. e. 5. < a gang of these roughs broke in — Alan Paton > 6. 7. • - in the rough III. < ride rough > < the wood is rough shaped — C.L.Walker > IV. transitive verb 1. a. < rough the edges of glass > < satin garments are very easily roughed — C.B.Randall b.1901 > — often used with up < a stiff breeze roughing up the sea > b. < a bird roughing his feathers > 2. a. < not accustomed to being roughed about — Angus Mowat > — usually used with up < was roughed up and pushed into the street — Springfield (Massachusetts) Daily News > b. < deliberately roughed the … goalkeeper — Newsweek > 3. a. b. chiefly Australia 4. a. < rough the pieces of wood to approximately the size desired > — often used with down, off, out < rough down coarse iron > < rough off timber > < rough out lenses > < rough out disks and housings in the quantities … needed — Aero Digest > b. < roughed out the general structure — M.F.A.Montagu > < roughing out my preliminary ideas for this novel — Rex Ingamells > < roughing in the voice parts — Deems Taylor > intransitive verb < sent off the field by the referee for roughing > • - rough it |
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