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单词 excuse
释义 ex·cuse
I. \ikˈskyüz, ek-, in “excuse me” often ˈsky-\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English excusen, from Old French escuser, excuser, from Latin excusare, from ex- ex- (I) + -cusare (from causa cause, apology) — more at cause
transitive verb
1.
 a. : to offer excuse for : make apology for
  < he excused his delay as due to the weather >
 b. : to try to remove blame from : seek indulgence for : seek to extenuate
  < excusing himself for his delay >
2.
 a. : to seek or obtain exemption or release for
  < asked the school principal to excuse the boys from religious services >
 b. obsolete : to serve as a means of exemption from : serve as a substitute for
3. : to accept an excuse for : regard as excusable : forgive entirely or admit to be little censurable and to overlook : pardon
 < we excuse irregular conduct when circumstances justify it >
4. : to regard with indulgence : overlook
 < it is easy to excuse one's own faults >
— often used as an introductory apology (as when interrupting or expressing disagreement)
 < excuse me, but do you mind if I shut the window? >
5.
 a. : to grant exemption or release to or from : free from an obligation or duty
  < the judge excused the young man's fine because of the unusual circumstances >
 b. : to permit to leave a place or stop an activity or task
  < class is excused >
  < you are excused the rest of the translation >
6.
 a. : to serve as excuse for : free from imputation of fault : clear from guilt : exculpate, justify
  < one's own assurance of propriety cannot excuse jeopardizing another's happiness >
  < perhaps, knowing what you do, you can excuse him >
 b. obsolete : to release from a charge
intransitive verb
: to ask or grant excuse
 < while some accuse, others excuse >
: serve as an excuse
 < such loving self-sacrifice goes far toward excusing >
Synonyms:
 condone, pardon, forgive: excuse indicates a passing over of some fault, omission, neglect, or failure without further consideration, censure, or punishment, redress, or retaliation in view of extenuating conditions
  < the plea of ‘frontier conditions’ could no longer excuse the lack of an adequate public-school system — American Guide Series: Michigan >
  < guilty of contributory negligence, in default, at least, of special circumstances excusing the omission — B.N.Cardozo >
  < the injustice with which he had been treated would have excused him if he had resorted to violent methods of redress — T.B.Macaulay >
  condone may indicate accepting without protest, censure, or punishment some reprehensible action or condition because of circumstances
  < those Anglo-Saxon critics of the brutality of the bullfight who condone the hunting of the fox or the killing of deer — W.D.Patterson >
  < often he got into scrapes, but they were the manly scrapes that are easily condoned — D.H.Lawrence >
  < institutionalized suicide, condoned, approved, or even exacted by a code and therefore by the culture — A.L.Kroeber >
  pardon may indicate waiving of punishment or censure and reinstatement to grace especially by a superior and in legal, formal, or social situations
  < pardoned by the state governor >
  < it became necessary for us both to fly for our lives. In the circumstances we could not look to be pardoned, even on the score of youth — W.H.Hudson †1922 >
  < the most good-natured of women pardoned the error — W.M.Thackeray >
  forgive may apply to genuine, sincere change of feeling whereby resentment and desire for retaliation on or punishment of an offender are no longer felt
  < the Mayor invariably gazed stormfully past him, like one who had endured and lost on his account, and could in no sense forgive the wrong — Thomas Hardy >
  < he forgave injuries so readily that he might be said to invite them — T.B.Macaulay >
II. \ikˈskyüs, ek-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from excuser
1. : the act of excusing (as by apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, or releasing) : acquittal, release, absolution, justification
 < pleading so wisely in excuse of it — Shakespeare >
2.
 a. : something offered as grounds for being excused : a justifying explanation of a fault or defect
  < what's your excuse for being late this morning? >
  < he made his ill health an excuse for everything >
 b. excuses plural : an expression of regret for failure to do or participate in something often conveyed through a third party
  < make my excuses to your cousin, I'm sorry to miss her tea >
 c. : a note of explanation (as from a parent or teacher) concerning the absence of an individual (as from class or work)
3.
 a. : something that serves to excuse : anything that justifies or extenuates a fault or defect
  < I suppose his youth is an excuse for his flighty ways >
  < forgetfulness is no excuse for bad manners >
 b. : a purpose or use that justifies : justification, reason
  < such loveliness is enough excuse for being >
4. : an inferior example or instance of a kind specified
 < finally turned in a blotted excuse for a composition >
 < this rattletrap is a poor excuse for a car >
Synonyms: see apology
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更新时间:2024/11/13 9:08:43