| 释义 |
re·duc·tion
\rə̇ˈdəkshən, rēˈ-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English reduccion, from Middle French reduction, from Late Latin & Latin; Late Latin reduction-, reductio reduction (in a syllogism), from Latin, action of leading or bringing back, restoration, from reductus (past participle of reducere to lead back, bring back, draw together) + -ion-, -io -ion — more at reduce
1. obsolete : redemption, restoration
< reduction of the soul — Theophilus Gale >
< reduction of Christ from the dead — John Owen >
2.
a.
(1) : domination by force : conquest, subjugation
(2) : elimination of a defended enemy position
b.
(1) : the act or process of resettlement (as by Spanish missionaries) of So. American Indians in villages or compounds for purposes of acculturation or control
(2) : a village or compound so established
3.
a.
(1) : the conversion of numbers into units of the same denomination
(2) : the reducing of an algebraic equation to its simplest terms
(3) : the determination of the true position of a celestial object by correcting observational data for known errors
(4) : the substitution for a meteorological reading of a value computed from it so as to bring all to a common basis (as pressures to sea level values)
b. : an act or instance of reproducing in a smaller size
< reductions — scaled down from life size — J.C.Furnas >
4.
a. : the act or process of reducing a syllogistic argument to the first figure — compare direct reduction, indirect reduction
b.
(1) : the classification or description (as of a set of terms or phenomena) in terms of what are regarded as simpler or more fundamental concepts
< reduction of the complex problems of intergroup relations to attitude formation — J.R.Kantor >
specifically : the process of explaining the terms of a science on the basis of and deducing its laws from those of another
< the reduction of chemical to physical laws — C.H.Whiteley >
(2) : analysis of a psychological motive into its instinctive elements
c. : the act or process of investing with definite form
< behavioral responses which are in process of reduction to habitual terms — Ralph Linton >
< the reduction of generalization to particular fact — Jonathan Daniels >
5. : the replacement or realignment of a body part in normal position or restoration of a bodily condition to normal
6.
a. : the process of reducing by chemical or electrochemical means
< the reduction, or deoxidation, of the iron ore is brought about by carbon monoxide produced by the combustion of the coke — J.H.Bateman >
< the photographic process depends upon … the reduction of silver ion to metallic silver by a developing solution — C.E.K.Mees >
b. : treatment under reducing conditions by exclusion of air to a point below that needed for complete combustion of fuel gases (as in a pottery kiln)
< reduction produces various color effects in pottery >
7.
a.
(1) : a decrease in size, amount, extent, or number : diminution; specifically : the psychological diminishment of emotion through activity or adjustment
(2) : subtraction
< arrangements can be made for premiums to be paid by reduction from salary — Irish Digest >
b. : meiosis; specifically : production of the gametic chromosome number in the first meiotic division
c. : limitation in scope : restriction
< whether the reduction of existence to human existence does not seriously … restrict the domain of philosophy — J.E.Smith >
8.
a. : demotion in rank
b. : lowering in condition or status : degradation
< reduction of living to an animal business of … survival — Fred Majdalany >
< reduction to absurdity is a common device by which teachers demonstrate the essential fallacy of a proposal — Alexander Laing >
9.
a. : transformation into objective form or reality
< reduction of a novel to words on paper >
< reduction of the device to practice — Ruth Riddell >
b. : transformation into a new or different form : adaptation, translation
< reduction of a metaphor >
< every art involves a system of reduction — Stuart Gilbert >
c. : a musical arrangement; especially : a piano score or part arranged or reduced from an orchestral score
10. : an act or instance of breaking down : disintegration, processing
< reduction of land surfaces … to low plains — O.D.Von Engeln >
< reduction of … pine by lumbering, turpentining, and fire — American Guide Series: North Carolina >
< reduction of fish and fish waste to … oil — Commercial Fisheries Review >
specifically : the gradual crushing of grain in milling by passing it repeatedly through break rolls
11. : an act or instance of reducing phonetically |