| 释义 |
pe·nal
I. \ˈpēnəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin poenalis, from poena penalty, punishment + -alis -al — more at pain
1. : designed to impose punishment : prescribing, enacting, or threatening punishment : punitive
< the penal clause >
2. : liable or subject to punishment or a penalty : incurring punishment
< a penal offense >
3. : inflicted as or constituting punishment or penalty or used as a means of punishment
< marks for any infraction of the rules … were worked off in penal study — A.W.Long >
4.
a. : forfeitable or payable as a penalty
b. : involving or imposing a pecuniary penalty — see penal sum
5. : of or relating to punishment, penalty, penal laws, or penal servitude
< penal reform >
6. : used as a place of confinement and punishment
< a penal colony >
< a penal farm >
7. : inflicting a penalty : severely disadvantageous
< terms decidedly penal to those who … put their money into steel — Economist >
II. adjective
Etymology: penis + -al
: penial |