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I. \_əv; esp before a consonant -_ə; after an unstressed or lightly stressed vowel sometimes v (as in thə̇sīdēəvābz for this idea of Abeʸs”) or, before a vȯiceless consonant, f (as in thə̇sīdēəftämz for this idea of Tomʸs”) or, before f, without pronunciation (as in thə̇sīdēəfredz for this idea of Fredʸs”); when emphatic, as when it is the last or the first word in a sentence, |əv or |äv\ preposition
Etymology: Middle English, of, off, from Old English (also, adverb, away, off); akin to Old High German aba, preposition, off, away from, & adverb, off, away, down, Old Norse af, preposition, off, from, Gothic af from, away from, since, Latin ab from, Greek apo away from, off, Sanskrit apa away, off
1. obsolete — used as a function word to indicate the place or thing from which anything moves, comes, goes, or is directed or impelled
 < with the least drawing blood of another — Samuel Purchas >
2. archaic — used as a function word to indicate an anterior condition from which a transition has been made
 < I, of brute, human; ye, of human, gods — John Milton >
3. : at an interval or in a direction with respect to — used to indicate something from which position or reckoning is defined
 < north of the lake >
 < the arrow went wide of the mark >
 < passed within a foot of the rock >
 < waited upwards of an hour >
 < within a few hours of birth >
 < I know you of old, you don't fool me >
4. — used as a function word to indicate something from which a person or thing is delivered
 < cured him of being late >
 < eased of her pain >
 < rid the barn of rats >
or with respect to which someone or something is made destitute
 < robbed of his sleep >
 < stripped of all his titles >
 < relieved of his command >
5.
 a. : from by birth or descent
  < born of a royal house >
  < he is of a well-to-do family >
 b. : from as the place of birth, production, or distribution : having as its base of operation, point of initiation, or source of issuance or derivation
  < of or relating to Italy, its language, or its people >
 c. : from as cause or occasion : in regard to
  < I wish him joy of her — Shakespeare >
  < vote yes … because they are frightened of their skins — John Gunther >
 d. : from as possessor, seller, loser, giver
  < buy our eggs of a farmer >
  < held his lands of the duke >
 e. : from as one that is looked to for something
  < asked a favor of me >
  < too much to expect of a child >
 f. : from undergoing or coping with — used with it
  < had a hard time of it at school >
  < make a good job of it >
6. — used as a function word to indicate the cause, motive, or reason by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled
 < die of shame >
 < this milk tastes of garlic >
 < dead of violence >
 < afraid of his own shadow >
 < went of their own free will >
 < did it of necessity >
7. — used as a function word to indicate the agent or doer of an act or action (1) archaically after such participles as loved, ordained, forgotten
 < despised and rejected of men — Isa 53:3 (Authorized Version) >
(2) after an adjective or adjective phrase characterizing the act or conduct
 < it was kind of him to offer it >
and (3) after a noun indicating the maker or doer often with the force of a subjective genitive
 < plays of Shakespeare >
 < the mercy of the Lord >
 < the ruins of time >
8. archaic — used as a function word to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is carried out
 < it is pouring of rain >
 < pave it of gold >
9. — used as a function word to indicate the material, parts, or elements composing something or the contents held by something
 < throne of gold >
 < company of 20 men >
 < distance of five miles >
 < genus of mammals >
 < cup of water >
10.
 a. — used as a function word to indicate a particular example belonging to the class denoted by the preceding noun
  < the city of Rome >
  < month of August >
  < goes under the name of charity >
  < the crime of murder >
 b. — used as a function word to indicate simple or definitional apposition
  < great barn of a house >
  < that fool of a husband >
  < jewel of a woman >
11. : relating to : with reference to : as regards : about
 < stories of his travels >
 < the truth of the matter >
 < judge of the case >
 < dreaming of home >
 < think of a way out >
 < complaining of the heat >
 < test of skill >
12. — used as a function word indicating the object of an action denoted or implied by the preceding noun
 < love of nature >
 < care of children >
 < creation of the world >
 < the polishing of a diamond >
 < pursuit of happiness >
 < knowledge of the past >
13. — used as a function word (1) idiomatically after some adjectives implying action or process or perception
 < fruitful of results >
 < sparing of words >
 < greedy of gain >
 < neglectful of his duties >
or (2) chiefly dialect after verbs and participles
 < felt of his head >
 < ever trying of something new — Adrian Bell >
 < stop pestering of your father >
14. : in respect to
 < slow of speech >
 < light of step >
 < forty years of age >
 < problems difficult of solution >
15. — used as a function word to indicate a quality or possession characterizing or distinguishing a subject
 < a fellow of infinite jest — Shakespeare >
 < men of goodwill >
 < persons of refinement >
 < boy of ten years >
— used with all to indicate a temporary quality or condition
 < all of a tremble >
 < all of a sweat >
— used with a following noun denoting or implying action usually with a possessive
 < wine of choice >
 < rulers of their own choosing >
 < girl of his dreams >
 < boat of his own design >
16.
 a. — used as a function word indicating the aggregate or whole that includes the part or quantity denoted by the preceding word
  < most of the army >
  < many of those present >
  < ton of coal >
  < three glasses of beer >
  < first years of life >
 b. — used as a function word to indicate a whole or quantity from which some is removed or expended by the action of the preceding verb
  < gave generously of his time >
  < partook of the morning meal >
17.
 a. — used as a function word indicating a possessive relationship
  < gates of heaven >
  < courage of the pioneers >
  < lateness of the hour >
  < cube of six >
  < member of parliament >
  or close association in time
  < in the days of the Roman emperors >
  < knights of yore >
  — used often with a following possessive
  < a friend of mine >
  < an acquaintance of the colonel's >
  < through no fault of his >
 b. — used as a function word to indicate such relationships as ruler and subject, owner and property
  < king of England >
  < Mary of Scotland >
  < chiefs of state >
  < captain of Company A >
  < head of the household >
18. — used as a function word to indicate a point or space in time relating either to a single or to a usual action or occurrence
 < he died of a Monday >
 < likes to visit a bar of an evening >
 < plays golf of a Sunday >
19. — used as a function word indicating position before the clock hour
 < ten minutes of eight >
 < twenty-five of five >
 < quarter of ten >
20.
 a. now dialect : on
  < a plague of all cowards — Shakespeare >
  < fell flat of his back in the grass — F.B.Gipson >
 b. chiefly Britain : in
  < continue her full membership of the Commonwealth — British Information Services >
 c. chiefly dialect : with
  < what's the matter of her >
II. \_ə(v)\ verbal auxiliary
Etymology: by alteration
: have — used especially in written dialogue to represent a supposed dialect or substand. speech
 < meant to of written you — Christopher La Farge >
 < hadn't ought to of fooled with figures — Delos Avery >
 < told you we should of quit — William English >
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更新时间:2024/11/10 21:23:00