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单词 wind
释义 wind
I. \ˈwind, chiefly poetic ˈwīnd\ noun
(-s)
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English wind, winde, from Old English wind; akin to Old High German wint wind, Old Norse vindr, Gothic winds, Latin ventus; all from a prehistoric Indo-European participial stem from the root represented by Old English wāwan to blow, Old High German wāen, Gothic waian, Greek aēnai, Sanskrit vāti it blows, vāta wind
1.
 a. : a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : air in natural motion parallel to the surface of the earth
  < a light wind had come up >
  < the winds devastated the city >
  — compare current
 b. : an artificially produced movement of air
  < felt the wind of a bullet as it passed his temple — C.B.Kelland >
2.
 a. : a destructive force or influence
  < the wind of war had swept his home away — Stuart Cloete >
  < sow the wind and reap the whirlwind >
 b. : a force or agency that carries along or influences
  < withstood the winds of popular opinion — Felix Frankfurter >
  < the bracing winds of human sympathy and understanding — J.D.Adams >
 c. : tendency, trend
  < quick perception of the way campus winds were blowing — Arnold Nicholson >
  < too much impressed by current theological winds — I.G.Whitchurch >
3.
 a.
  (1) : the air that is inhaled and exhaled by the lungs : breath
   < leaned there on the cable, catching his wind — Wright Morris >
   < smote him with brutal violence in the stomach, knocking the wind out of him — Dorothy Sayers >
  (2) : power of respiration : ability to breathe properly
   < established his own studio for the businessman anxious about his weight and his wind — D.G.Villard >
   < wind and leg muscles — Athletic Journal >
  (3) : the pit of the stomach where a blow may paralyze the diaphragm and cause temporary loss of breath : solar plexus
   < hit a small boy in the wind to see him double up — W.B.Yeats >
 b. : breath used in speaking
  < wrote … in sonorous and rolling sentences in which one can still hear the wind of his oratory — Marjory S. Douglas >
4. : gas generated in the stomach or the intestines
5.
 a. : compressed air or gas
  < was considered a little balmy when he seriously proposed stopping a train with wind — W.J.Reilly >
 b. archaic : air
  < the sword itself must be wrapped up close … that it taketh no wind — Francis Bacon >
6. : something that is insubstantial: as
 a. : mere talk : idle words
  < talks about erasing the border by a march on the North. This is mere wind. There will be no march — J.V.Kelleher >
 b. : nothing, nothingness
  < theories based on wind >
 c. : vain self-satisfaction
  < all puffed up with wind >
7.
 a. : air carrying a scent (as of a hunter or game)
  < a great number of deer … entirely ignorant of anything amiss till after they passed me and received my wind — Ed Shearer >
 b. archaic : exposure to the public : currency — used with get or take
  < the project had taken wind and created a general sensation — W.H.Prescott >
 c. : slight information especially about something intended to be kept secret : intimation
  < the unhappy reporters who by this time had got wind of something and turned up in battalions — Dorothy Sayers >
  < caught wind of this situation — Richard Hellman >
8.
 a. : air used for producing musical tone: as
  (1) : breath passed through the vocal organs in singing
  (2) : breath used to blow a wind instrument
  (3) : the compressed air used to produce sound on an organ
 b.
  (1) : musical wind instruments especially as distinguished from strings and percussion
   < music for strings and for wind — D.W.Stevens >
   < the triplets played by the winds — Max Rudolf >
   < a good deal of wind detail is lost — Edward Sackville-West & Desmond Shawe-Taylor >
  (2) winds plural : the players of wind instruments especially in an orchestra
9.
 a. : a direction from which the wind may blow : a point of the compass; especially : one of the cardinal points
  < come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain — Ezek 37:9 (Revised Standard Version) >
 b. : the direction from which the wind is blowing — used especially with regard to a sailing ship's course
10. : a condition of oblivion, ineffectualness, or waste — usually used in plural
 < cast the facts of royal history to the winds and invented his own essential drama — Leslie Rees >
 < went through deep snow, all anxiety thrown to the four winds — D.B.MacMillan >
11. : money
 < came to me this morning to raise the wind — Anthony Trollope >
12. : a state of intoxication
 < I'm not in the wind at all events, for you see I'm perfectly sober — Frederick Marryat >
— compare sheet in the wind
13. : a big fuss : disturbance
 < raised the wind over the inferior merchandise >
14.
 a. : a state of fear — used with up
  < deathtraps, hard to fly, easy to crash … good pilots had their wind up about the planes — H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker >
  < you put the wind up me — Richard Llewellyn >
 b. : a state of nervous irritable excitement — used with up
  < got their wind up about the neighbors' new fence >
Synonyms:
 breeze, gale, hurricane, gust, blast, squall, zephyr, whirlwind, cyclone, typhoon, tornado, waterspout, twister: wind is a general term applicable to air in any sort of natural motion
  < light western winds >
  < winds of gale force >
  breeze is applicable to a relatively light but fresh wind with moderate velocity, often to a pleasing wind
  < not a steady, strong breeze like the trade winds of the low latitudes, but a boisterous stormy wind — P.E.James >
  < enjoying the brisk breeze that blew about his yellow hair — William Black >
  gale indicates a high wind, one between a breeze and a hurricane, sometimes of destructive force
  < not an inch of shelter anywhere in a gale, and the salt rain driven by the wind penetrates the thickest coat — Richard Jefferies >
  hurricane indicates a wind of maximum velocity and consequent destructive violence
  < towns and villages wrecked by the hurricane >
  gust indicates a sudden short wind, usually more severe than a puff, often accompanied by rain
  < a great gust of wind shook the windows of the house — J.C.Powys >
  blast may indicate a sudden wind with severe driving force
  < a copse of dark firs swayed uneasily under the heavy blasts of the gathering storm — F.V.W.Mason >
  squall refers to any sudden violent gust, especially to a sea gust with driving force
  < continuous and violent squalls nearly wrecked the craft — Alexander Klemin >
  zephyr indicates a light gentle delicate wind, one that would not disturb halcyon weather
  < soft the zephyr blows — Thomas Gray >
  whirlwind may apply to any swirling wind; technically it indicates a rotating windstorm with the lower air spiraling inward and upward
  < the whirlwind came fast. I could see the tops of the trees writhing and twisting — John Onslow >
  cyclone often indicates a rotating system of very high destructive winds about a moving center of low pressure
  < cyclones like those that lift roofs off houses in Kansas — Waldemar Kaempffert >
  typhoon is used in reference to cyclones in Asian Pacific waters
  < typhoons in Joseph Conrad's novels >
  tornado refers to a swirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud moving with a force so violent that it cannot be measured accurately
  < Kansas takes to the cyclone cellar when a tornado sweeps by and sucks wells dry — Waldemar Kaempffert >
  waterspout indicates a funnel-shaped or tubular column of wind enclosing a quantity of water. twister is a general informal term for any swirling wind like a tornado or waterspout
  < the first twisters hit in the early evening — Time >
  < when a twister had come at home, all the windows in Mr. Dannenbaum's house had been blown out — Jean Stafford >

- between wind and water
- by the wind
- down the wind
- have in the wind
- have the wind of
- in the wind
- near the wind
- off the wind
- under the wind
II. \ˈwind\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English winden, from wind (I)
transitive verb
1. : to smell the scent of : follow by the scent
 < an otter could wind a fish at 40 furlongs — C.E.Hare >
2. : to expose to the air or wind : dry by exposing to air
3. dialect chiefly Britain : winnow
4. : to take the breath away from : make short of breath
 < her hoof hit my side and winded me — Adrian Bell >
 < until acclimated, a person becomes winded from exertion — Bob Koonce >
5. : to regulate the wind supply of (an organ pipe)
6. : to rest (as a horse) in order to allow the breath to be recovered
intransitive verb
1. : to scent game : sniff in the air as if catching the scent of game — used of an animal and especially of a dog
2. dialect : to pause for breath
III. \ˈwīnd, ˈwind\ verb
(winded \-də̇d\ ; or wound \ˈwau̇nd\ ; winded or wound ; winding ; winds)
Etymology: wind (I) (but often altered in pronunciation & conjugation by influence of wind) (IV)
transitive verb
1. : to cause (as a horn) to sound by blowing especially with the breath : blow
 < little fishing boats wind their conchs — Mary H. Vorse >
2. : to sound (as a call or note) on or as if on a horn
 < wound a rousing call — R.L.Stevenson >
intransitive verb
: to produce a sound on or as if on a horn
IV. \ˈwīnd\ verb
(wound \ˈwau̇nd\ ; also winded ; wound also winded ; winding ; winds)
Etymology: Middle English winden, from Old English windan to turn, twist, move with speed or force, brandish; akin to Old High German wintan to wind, Old Norse vinda, Gothic biwindan to wind around, wrap, uswindan to plait, Umbrian ohavendu let him turn aside, Armenian gind ring; basic meaning: twist
intransitive verb
1. obsolete
 a.
  (1) : to move with speed or force : rush, spring
  (2) : pass
 b. : go, proceed
  < wind away, be gone I say — Shakespeare >
2. archaic : wriggle, squirm, writhe
3. : to bend out of a flat plane : warp
4.
 a. obsolete : to move in a curve
  < a creature that I teach to fight, to wind, to stop, to run directly on — Shakespeare >
 b. : to have a curving course or shape : extend in curves
  < a small road that wound up through pines — G.W.Brace >
  < the staircase wound round this hall — Margaret Deland >
  < a cave which winds far into the cliff — A.A.Grace >
 c. : to move on a curving especially sinuous course
  < the river winds down through rugged terrain >
  < a long caravan of cars wound through the streets — Phoenix Flame >
  < within the lines of these universal qualities wind the divergencies of medieval thought — H.O.Taylor >
5.
 a. : to move so as to encircle
  < loose tapes which wind around the baby's limbs — Morris Fishbein >
 b. : to exhibit the defective gait of winding
6.
 a. : to change the direction toward which the prow is headed : turn when lying at anchor
 b. : to lie with the prow headed toward a designated point of the compass
7. of a horse : to turn or veer to the left : haw
transitive verb
1.
 a. obsolete : to make by or as if by twisting, plaiting, or weaving : weave
 b. : to bring into a close relationship as if by weaving or wrapping : entangle, involve, enmesh
  < the greatest crises of life steal on us imperceptibly and have sometimes … wound us in their consequences before we know — William Black >
  — often used with up
  < compassion … is intricately wound up with the doctrine of right living — Edmond Taylor >
 c. : to introduce sinuously or stealthily : insinuate
  < the impulse to know … winds itself into every action — H.O.Taylor >
 d. obsolete : to put (as money) into circulation : circulate
2. archaic : to hold in the hand and use : wield, handle
3.
 a. : to encircle or cover with something pliable : bind with or as if with loops of string or layers of cloth
  < wound the top with a new piece of string >
  < the women were wound up in fishtailed skirts — G.H.Reed b. 1887 >
  < sleep thou, and I will wind thee in my arms — Shakespeare >
 b.
  (1) : to turn completely or repeatedly especially about an object with which contact is made : coil, twine, wrap
   < wound a heavy scarf around his neck >
   < devised a way of winding silk on a spool — American Guide Series: New Jersey >
  (2) : to remove by unwinding : unwind — used with off or from
   < wound all the thread off the bobbin >
 c.
  (1) : to hoist or haul (as coal from a pit) by means of a rope, cable, or chain that is pulled by machinery — often used with up
   < wind up a bucket from a well — Adrian Bell >
  (2) : to move (a ship) by hauling (as on a capstan)
 d.
  (1) : to tighten the spring of in order to start or keep running
   < four hours of moderate light wind the clock completely — Jewelers' Circular-Keystone >
   — often used with up
   < wound up the toy soldiers >
  (2) obsolete : to make tighter (as the strings of a musical instrument) : tighten, tune — often used with up
  (3) : to move with a crank : crank
   < wound down the window on the right hand side of the car — J.M.Cain >
 e. : to raise to a high level (as of excitement, tension, or preparedness) — usually used with up
  < get so easily wound up … about these things that we could go on and on — W.F.Hambly >
4.
 a. : to cause to move in a curving line : cause to follow a curving course or path
  < processions … wound themselves about the town in circles — Julian Dana >
 b.
  (1) archaic : to turn the course or direction of; especially : to turn or lead (a person) as one wishes
   < can wind the proud earl to his will — Sir Walter Scott >
  (2) obsolete : attract, lure, entice
 c.
  (1) : to cause (as a ship) to change direction : turn
  (2) : to turn (as a ship) end for end
 d. : to traverse on a curving course
  < winds the wood — John Dryden >
 e.
  (1) : to effect by or as if by curving
   < wound his way up the tree — Willa Cather >
   < the forest through which the river winds its course — Alexander MacDonald >
  (2) : to follow the curving course of
   < enabled travelers to reach the Mississippi without winding the endless curves of the Arkansas — American Guide Series: Arkansas >
 f. : to turn (a horse) to the left
Synonyms:
 twist, twine, entwine, coil, curl, wreathe agree with wind in referring either to a circular, spiral, or writhing motion or to a curved and bent outline or shape; wind especially emphasizes action or motion, originally an even-paced, repeated turning about a fixed point, now frequently a rambling or climbing in serpentine curves over an extended area
  < wind thread or tape on a reel >
  < the road winds along the river >
  twist orig. and basically is to turn two threads about each other; it retains the suggestion of revolving within a narrow compass or of an outline having many small kinks rather than describing large loops or curves
  < the train wound around the mountain >
  < the dancer twisted slowly about herself >
  < a winding river >
  < a winding staircase >
  twine orig. is close to twist but does not have the connotation of tortuousness; it suggests something long and supple draped in spirals or loops about a solid body
  < the symbol of a serpent twined round a staff >
  < vines twining about a tree may kill it >
  entwine is originally an intensive form of twine; it may suggest merely a complete twining about or an inextricable entanglement. coil, curl, and wreathe place less emphasis on the action or motion of bending than on the resulting shape; coil means to roll, wind, or spin in rings or spirals
  < she wore her hair coiled on top of her head >
  < the waters in the maelstrom coiled and hissed >
  curl refers to the appearance made by a body of greater length than thickness in bending from its full extension into a shape suggesting a coil of hair, or by a flat surface in rippling and creasing
  < smoke curling in the blue air >
  < curling waves tossed against the shore >
  < lips curled in derision >
  wreathe may suggest creasing or crinkling
  < wreathed in smiles >
  or the assumption of a wreathy appearance
  < mists of night wreathe up from meadows — Walter de la Mare >
V. \ˈwīnd\ noun
(-s)
1. : a mechanism (as a winch) for winding
2. : an act or instance of winding: as
 a.
  (1) : the condition of being warped or twisted
   < took the board out of wind >
  (2) : the amount of warp
 b. : an act or instance of hoisting or pulling by a mechanism that winds (as a winch)
 c. : an act or instance of tightening the spring of a mechanism (as a watch or clock)
 d. : coil, twist, turn
 e. : a particular method of winding
  < a very open wind is used on the size tube … to minimize thread to thread adhesion — V.A.Schiffer >
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