| 释义 |
weight
I. \ˈwāt, usu -ād.+V\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English weght, wight, from Old English wiht; akin to Middle High German gewiht weight, Old Norse vætt weight, Old English wegan to weigh — more at weigh
1.
a. : the often specified amount that a thing weighs : quantity of heaviness
< a basketball player with a playing weight of 215 pounds >
< two hundred and fifty pounds is considered the most desirable weight for butchering … hogs — F.J.Haskin >
< a diamond of five carats weight >
< gross weight >
< net weight >
— see legal weight
b.
(1) : the standard or established amount that a given thing should weigh — see short weight
(2) : one of the classes into which contestants in a sports event (as a boxing or wrestling match) or other contest are divided according to their body weight
< preliminary bouts in several weights >
< learnt when to stand and fight at his own weight — H.A.Sinclair >
— see featherweight; compare catchweight
(3) : the poundage including that of the jockey, equipment, and any added lead that is necessary to make up the total required to be carried by a horse in a handicap race according to its rated ability
(4) : basis weight
2.
a. : a quantity or thing weighing a fixed and usually specified amount
< equal weight of water and air >
< the necessary weight of cold water is placed in a large steam-jacketed cooking kettle — Bindery Glues >
b. : a heavy object (as a ball of metal) that is thrown, put, or lifted as an athletic game or exercise — compare hammer 4, shot 2b
c. : one of the iron disks used in playing the game of shuffleboard
3.
a. : a unit of weight or mass
< table of weights >
— see measure table, metric system table
b. : a piece of metal, glass, wood, or other material having an exact specified weight for use in weighing other articles (as in a scale)
c. dialect : a customary local unit for a particular commodity
d. : a system of related units of weight
< avoirdupois weight >
< troy weight >
e. Australia : pennyweight
4.
a. : a ponderous mass : something heavy : load
< a heavy weight to carry so far >
b. : a heavy contrivance or object to hold or press something down or to counterbalance: as
(1) : a piece of lead or other relatively heavy material attached to a fishing line to cause it to sink
(2) : paperweight
< a collection of very good-looking weights — New Yorker >
(3) : a piece of lead sewed into a hem (as of a coat or curtain) to keep it hanging straight
< drapery weight >
(4) : a heavy metal object used to drive a clock
c. : the heaviness of overlying material (as rock over a mine shaft)
d. : corpulence
< had grown portly with the years, but carried his weight well — F.J.Mather >
5.
a. : burden, pressure
< could force a rescue by sheer weight of numbers — T.B.Costain >
< hangs like some guilty weight of dark, unfathomed remembrances upon my energies — Thomas De Quincey >
< never thought her poor brain could stand the weight of such a secret — Kathleen Freeman >
< the weight of the sky and stone seemed to slow the pace of the Sunday walkers — Kay Boyle >
b. : ponderousness
< empire fell to pieces of its own weight, largely because it had never been able to build any system of government except a simple tyranny — C.S.Forester >
6.
a. : relative heaviness : ponderability regarded as a property of matter
< weight is a quality of material substances >
b. : the force with which a body is attracted toward the earth or a celestial body by gravitation and which is a quantity dependent on the place where it is determined : the product of the mass of a body by the local gravitational acceleration expressed in any of the units (as pound, ounce, newton, or dyne) by which force is measured
7.
a. : the relatively great importance or authority accorded something
< had a great reputation in the parish for sober living and weight in business — Mary Deasy >
< discussion of the merits and demerits of toll roads produced a debate of considerable weight — New York Times >
b. : measurable influence especially in determining the acts of others
< throw one's weight behind a candidate >
< the professor had a lot of weight to throw around the campus — Bennett Cerf >
c. : power to influence the judgment
< their opinions always carried weight — A.W.Long >
< gives some weight to his assertion that the act was sudden and unpremeditated — E.L.Pearson >
< these replies lend weight to the generally-expressed view — Wall Street Journal >
8. : something acting with heavy or overpowering force
< principles and rules … have petrified with the accumulated weight of precedent on precedent — B.N.Cardozo >
< futile to think of escape from the weight of global responsibilities — Oscar Handlin >
< having first justified with a weight of scholarship my unscholarly assumption — F.R.Leavis >
9. : the pull required to draw a bow to the full extent and measured in pounds
10. : the quality (as lightness or heaviness) that makes a fabric or garment suitable or adaptable for a particular use or season — often used in combination
< dress-weight >
11. : atomic weight
12. : the degree of thickness of the strokes of a type character
13. : stress value, quantity, or general sonority in individual sounds, syllables, and units of rhythmic structure in verse
14.
a. : a relative value assigned to an item in a group or series under consideration
< the use of some system of weights for differences in skills is difficult — W.E.Moore >
< few data are available on the relative weight of various emotions — J.E.Anderson >
< if you have five problems … allot your time proportionately unless a weight is given — W.F.Crum >
< the most useful direct source was given a weight of ten, the second most useful, a weight of nine — Saul Herner >
b.
(1) : the frequency of an item in a frequency distribution
(2) : a number assigned to express the relative importance of such an item
(3) : the factor by which the value of such an item is multiplied in forming the weighted average of the values of the various items
Synonyms: see importance, influence
II. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
1.
a. : to load or make heavy with or as if with a weight
< weight the head of a golf club with lead >
< sat next to a dame who was weighted with jewels — H.J.Laski >
< never had he dreamed that words could be so weighted with unfamiliar meaning — Christine Weston >
— often used with down
< a coarse net is thrown over the roof and weighted down — L.D.Stamp >
b. : to increase in heaviness by adding an inferior ingredient
< tea that has been weighted >
c. : to make (yarn or cloth) heavier by adding any of various substances (as sizing, clay, or flock); especially : to pass (silk) through baths of tin salts
d. : to make thicker
< with the camera lens, type can be reduced, enlarged, weighted, slanted — Book Production >
2. : to oppress with a burden (as sorrow, dejection, or discouragement) — often used with down
< was weighted down with many cares >
3.
a. : weigh 1
< test tubes and crucibles … and scales that weighted your signature — Thomas Wood †1950 >
b. : to feel the weight of : heft
< weight a stone >
4.
a. : to assign a value expressing the relative importance of (a thing) as the result of a measurement or judgment
b. : to attach factors indicative of their relative frequency or importance (to the various items of a frequency distribution)
< the prices thus obtained were weighted according to the net sales of each type of store — Experiment Station Record >
5. : to arrange, bias, or incline in a particular direction by manipulation
< the tax structure … which was weighted so heavily in favor of the upper classes — A.S.Link >
< legislatures create vested and sentimental interests which weight national policy in the direction of patchwork rather than mosiac — H.D.Lasswell >
6. : to assign a handicap weight to (a racehorse)
7. : to shift the burden of weight upon
< weight the inside ski >
Synonyms: see burden
III. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English wheit, wehit, weght, akin to Old English wiht weight — more at weight I
: a leather-covered hoop like a sieve but without holes used for winnowing grain |