| 单词 | average |
| 释义 | av·er·age I. 1. obsolete 2. a. obsolete b. 3. marine insurance a. b. c. 4. 5. < students are expected to maintain a B average or better > 6. < the simple act of ringing doorbells while seeking votes introduced him to the average — John Mason Brown > 7. < in a batting slump his average dropped from .303 to .261 > < the team average so far this season > 8. < the current position of leading averages > Synonyms: < the average of 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 is 15, that is, 90 divided by 6 > and is usually computed as a means of getting a fair general estimate of something comprising a series of unequal but like things (as grades in school courses, depths of snowfall in successive years, weekly sales over a period of weeks). In certain applications, as in sports or gambling, an average is usually the proportion, expressed in a percentage, of successful performances (as hits achieved in a single baseball season by a ballplayer) to opportunities for or attempts at successful performance (as the total number of times a ballplayer goes to bat in a single baseball season); in other applications, as in statistical analysis, it may be, for example, the proportion, expressed in a percentage, of deaths in a given period for every 1000 citizens over 50 years old or automobile accidents in a given area over a given time for every 100 drivers. It may extend to designate a person who stands at a roughly estimated middle level in a scale presumably determining the intellectual or cultural capacity or quality of a group, especially a society < Dartmouth's Shattuck Observatory has been measuring snowfall since 1867, and the average at Hanover is six feet — R.S.Monahan > < only those renters are admitted whose incomes fall within certain fixed limits — limits which are, however, higher than the average of the people who formerly lived in the area — American Guide Series: Minnesota > < it is enough if we are of the same moral and mental stature as the “main” or “mean” part of men — that is to say as the average — Samuel Butler †1902 > < the cleverest boys go to the École Normale Supérieure and do not mix any longer with the average — Bertrand Russell > mean indicates a point midway between extremes, in an older sense signifying a point midway between any two extremes (as of condition, quality, or intensity) but today being confined chiefly to mathematics or statistics in which it may signify either an arithmetical or geometric midpoint, that is, a figure midway between two others (as a lowest and a highest figure in a series of temperature readings) or a figure arrived at by finding the square root of the product of two numbers or quantities < a golden mean between extravagance and miserliness > < 10 is the arithmetical mean of 4 and 16 > < 8 is the geometric mean of 4 and 16, that is, the square root of 64 > median indicates a midpoint in position but is used chiefly in statistics to indicate the point below which there are as many instances as there are above < a median of public opinion > < the average pay of five men earning respectively 10, 14, 20, 26, and 40 dollars a day is $22 but the median is only $20 since there are two men earning below and two above this > norm designates the sometimes computed sometimes estimated average performance or achievement or, often, average minimum performance or achievement, of a group, class, or category, set up as the standard for members < demands made upon children of a certain age should be adjusted to the norm for children of that age group > < construction workers … protesting the imposition of a 10 percent increase in the working norm — Newsweek > < those which fall below the required level of academic decency are encouraged to bring their curricula and degrees up to the norm — W.L.Sperry > par in this connection more frequently refers to the average performance or condition of an individual or established for an individual, analogous to a norm for a group, though sometimes and especially in British use par may refer to an average in amount (as of barometric pressure) < par for a fast typist in English: 120 words > < 40 pounds a day is considered par for a Holstein — New Yorker > < while 200 pounds or slightly thereunder is par for him, he has a tendency toward fatness — E.J.Kahn > • - on an average II. 1. < an average annual rainfall of 20 inches > 2. a. < served with average merit under Grant — H.E.Nettles > < a man of average height > : typical, common, ordinary < not an average wind but a decidedly abnormal one > < typical of the middle class at its most average — New York Herald Tribune > b. of a color < slightly redder than average mustard tan > 3. maritime law III. intransitive verb 1. a. < in these waters the fish average larger > : amount to or come to, on an average < losses will average 5000 dollars a year > < these poles average 10 feet in length > — sometimes used with out < the gain averaged out to 20 percent > b. of a color 2. transitive verb 1. < averages 20 inches a year rainfall > < average two days a week on the golf course > < a writer who averages three stories a month > 2. < average the hourly temperature readings > 3. a. < the averaging of tendencies, a movement toward a mean — John Dewey > — sometimes used with out b. < average a loss > |
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