| 释义 |
al·low·ance
I. \əˈlau̇ən(t)s\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English allowaunce, from Middle French allouaunce approbation (from allouer to approve + -aunce -ance) & alouaunce action of leasing, from aloer, alouer to place, use, grant + -aunce -ance
1.
a. archaic : approval, approbation
b. obsolete : acknowledgment
2. : something that is allowed : a share or portion allotted or granted
< an allowance of time for stopovers >
< allowances for depreciation >
a.
(1) : a sum granted as a reimbursement or a bounty or as appropriate for such purposes as personal or household expenses
< an officer's pay and allowances >
< a schoolboy's weekly allowance >
< per diem allowances in lieu of subsistence — U.S. Code >
< cost-of-living allowances >
< spending the winter in California on the allowance he gets — Hamilton Basso >
(2) law : a sum in addition to the regular taxable costs awarded by court to a party in a difficult case — called also extra allowance
b. : a fixed amount allowed
< a sailor's daily allowance of grog >
< the 66-pound free-luggage allowance granted by transatlantic air lines >
c.
(1) : a customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different in different countries
(2) : a reduction from a list price or stated price (as one granted on used products turned in or because of a previous credit)
< a trade-in allowance >
d. : a concession or privilege accorded a contestant to make his chances more nearly equal to his competitors': as
(1) : an allowed deduction from the weight a racehorse is required to carry
< maidens were given special allowances >
(2) : a deduction from the actual elapsed time of a racing yacht computed against a scratch boat's elapsed time
e. : nonproductive time added in time study to the actual or base time of an operation to allow for fatigue, personal needs, and delays — compare base time, standard time
f. : clearance in founding
g. : an allowed dimensional difference between mating parts of a machine (as between a shaft and a bearing in which it turns) — compare tolerance 3
3. : the act of allowing : authorization, permission, sanction
< without the king's will or the state's allowance — Shakespeare >
< no newspaper was suffered to appear without his allowance — T.B.Macaulay >
4. : the taking into account of circumstances (as mitigating circumstances) or of contingencies — often used with the verb make and the preposition for
< make allowances for the inexperience of youth >
< allowance must be made for what was then the fashionable pose — R.B.Merriman >
< regional differences must be recognized and allowance made for them in any generalizations — C.R.Woodward >
II. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
1. : to put upon a fixed allowance (as of provisions and drink)
< the captain allowanced his crew >
2. : to supply in a fixed and limited quantity |