| 释义 |
ac·id
I. \ˈasə̇d, ˈaa-\ adjective
Etymology: French or Latin; French acide, from Latin acidus, from acēre to be sour — more at acute
1.
a. : sharp or biting to the taste
< acid lemons >
: sour, tart
< the acid juice of unripe grapes >
< an acid apple >
b. : sharp, biting, or sour in manner, disposition, or nature
< his acid way of dealing with people >
< an acid misanthrope >
: prone to antagonize, wound, or humiliate : repellently disagreeable : unpleasant, offensive
< an acid individual, unable to get along with anyone >
: cutting, caustic
< acid remarks >
< acid gibes >
: corrosive
< acid hatred >
c. : sharply clear, discerning, pointed, and usually more or less mocking or sarcastic
< acid criticism >
< an acid analysis of the situation >
< acid wit >
: penetrating, trenchant, incisive : quick in perception
< his cold and acid intelligence >
: shrewd, acute
d. : severe and uncompromising : harsh, rigid, inflexible, unyielding
< a censorious and acid attitude toward freedom of thought >
e. : piercingly intense
< the acid radiance of the bright sunlight >
and often jarring
< acid splashes of brilliant yellows >
or shrill
< a singing voice that unfortunately becomes sometimes acid in the upper register >
2. : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an acid: as
a. : having an acid reaction : having a pH of less than 7
< acid soil >
< a slightly acid solution >
b.
(1) : derived from an acid
< acid iodide >
(2) of salts and esters : derived by partial exchange of replaceable hydrogen
< acid potassium sulfate KHSO4 >
c. : containing or involving the use of an acid
< acid bath >
< acid sludge >
< acid hydrolysis >
d. : characterized by or resulting from an abnormally high concentration of acid
< acid condition of the stomach >
< acid indigestion >
— not used technically
e. : relating to or made by an acid process
< acid steel >
3. : rich in silica : persilicic
< acid rocks >
— opposed to basic
Synonyms: see sour
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: New Latin acidum, from Latin, neuter of acidus, adjective
1. : a sour substance
2.
a. : a compound (as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or benzoic acid) capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, its aqueous solutions if it is water-soluble tasting sour, reddening litmus, and evolving hydrogen on reaction with certain metals (as iron, zinc, tin) : a compound (HX) containing hydrogen that in aqueous solution yields hydrogen ion (H+) hydrated to hydronium ion (as H3O+), together with the anion (X-), the degree of ionization in dilute solutions of strong acids (as nitric, hydrochloric, or trichloroacetic acid) being virtually complete, that of weak acids (as acetic or benzoic acid) being possibly one percent, and that of very weak acids (as hydrocyanic or boric acid) being much less than one percent — compare hydrogen-ion concentration, ph
b. according to the Brønsted-Lowry system : a hydrogen-containing molecule (as nitric acid) or ion (as hydronium, ammonium, or bicarbonate) that can give up a proton to a base : a proton donor
< hydrogen chloride is the conjugate acid of the chloride ion >
c. according to the G.N.Lewis system : a substance capable of accepting from a base an unshared pair of electrons which then form a covalent chemical bond, many compounds (as boron fluoride, sulfur trioxide, or carbon dioxide) as well as protons and other positive ions being thus included in this class — called also Lewis acid
3. : dilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries
4. : something sharp, biting, sour, or corrosive
< a social satire dripping with acid >
< destroying freedom with the acid of narrow-mindedness >
III. noun
: lsd |