| 释义 |
stone
I. \ˈstōn\ noun
(-s ; see sense 3)
Etymology: Middle English stan, ston, stoon, from Old English stān; akin to Old High German stein stone, Old Norse steinn, Gothic stains stone, Latin stiria icicle, Greek stia, stion pebble, stear fat, tallow, Sanskrit styāyate it congeals, hardens; basic meaning: to harden
1. : a concretion of earthy or mineral matter of igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic origin:
a.
(1) : such a concretion of indeterminate size or shape : boulder, pebble
< stones rolling down the hill >
< gathering stones on the beach >
(2) : the substance of this concretion : rock
< the mountain is solid stone >
< trees turned to stone in the petrified forest >
b. : such a concretion mined, quarried, or shaped in a definite form or size or for a specified function: as
(1) : a building block
< demolish the structure a stone at a time >
(2) : a paving block : cobblestone
< building barricades of the very stones of the streets >
(3) : a precious stone : gem
(4) : a mineral matter used for a particular ornamental or commercial purpose
< ornaments made of the rarer stones — banded slate, rose quartz, steatite — American Guide Series: New Jersey >
(5) : a pillar or block of stone set as a monument or sign; especially : gravestone
< the burying ground, where you can find the stones of veterans of the Revolution — J.P.Marquand >
(6) : a rounded missile fired from an arm or a sling
< six stones for his sling >
(7) : a shaped piece of rock used in a feat of strength (as curling)
(8) : millstone
(9) : grindstone
(10) : whetstone
(11) : a stand or table with a smooth flat top on which to impose or set type — called also surface
(12) : a surface upon which a drawing, text, or design to be lithographed is drawn or transferred
(13) : a watch jewel
2. : something resembling a small stone or pebble in shape, composition, or hardness: as
a.
(1) : calculus 1a
(2) : a hard natural growth (as an otolith) found in an animal
b. : testis
c. : hailstone
d.
(1) : the hard central portion of a drupaceous fruit (as a peach)
(2) : a hard stonelike seed (as of a date)
3. plural usually stone : any of various units of weight ranging from 4 to 26 pounds: as
a. : an official British unit equal to 14 pounds
b. : a British unit for meat equal to 8 pounds — called also Smithfield stone
4. : any of the colors common in stone or weathered rock — see deep stone, honey 6, light stone, stone gray
5. : china stone, cornish stone
6. : a small crystalline contamination in glass comprising unmelted batch material or a particle of the melting vessel
7. : a playing piece used in backgammon
II. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English stanen, stonen, from stan, ston, stoon, n.
transitive verb
1. : to hurl stones or sometimes other missiles at
< was stoned by abolitionists — Mari Sandoz >
< began stoning us with empty beer cans — Leslie Waller >
especially : to kill by hitting with stones
< he shall be stoned or shot; whether beast or man, he shall not live — Exod 19:13 (Revised Standard Version) >
2.
a. archaic : to make (a person) hard or insensitive to feeling
< O perjured woman! Thou dost stone my heart — Shakespeare >
b. : to make numb or insensible (as from drink or narcotics)
< planned to stone himself with vodka — Truman Capote >
3. : to face, pave, or fortify with stones
< has dug a well and is stoning it >
4.
a. : to free from stones
b. : to remove the stones or seeds of (a fruit)
< 500 grams of prunes stoned in advance — E.V.Knight >
5.
a. : to rub, scour, or polish (as leather, dies, machined metal) with a stone
b. : to sharpen with a whetstone
< stoned and whetted to a razor edge — American Guide Series: Connecticut >
intransitive verb
: to form or develop a stone in the process of growing
III. adjective
Etymology: stone (I)
1. : of, relating to, or made of stone
2. often capitalized : of or relating to the Stone Age
< stone culture >
IV. adjective
: absolute : complete
< a zeal that might be called pure stone craziness — Edwin Shrake >
V. adverb
: absolutely : completely — used as an intensive
< it is a stone positive fact, a scientific certainty — R.A.Aurthur > |