| 释义 |
spe·cif·ic
I. \spə̇ˈsifik, -fēk\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin specificus, from Latin species + -ficus -fic
1. : constituting or falling into the category specified
< specific fertilizing agents such as nitrogen or phosphate >
2. : having a real and fixed relationship to and usually constituting a characteristic of : being peculiar to the thing or relation in question
< the specific qualities of a drug >
< a specific distinction between vice and virtue >
< specific symptoms of a disease >
3. : restricted by nature to a particular individual, situation, relation, or effect : peculiar
< faults specific to past centuries >
as
a. of a therapeutic agent : exerting a definitive and distinctive influence on a particular part of the body or on the course of a particular disease
< quinine is highly specific for malaria >
b. of a parasite
(1) : capable of living and reproducing in only one kind of host
(2) : producing a particular disease
c. of a disease : caused by a particular pathogen (as a microorganism)
d. of an antigen or antibody : capable of reacting with but one antibody or antigen or with an antibody or antigen in but one way
< in complement fixation both antigen and antibody may be either specific or nonspecific >
4.
a. : characterized by precise formulation or accurate restriction (as in stating, describing, defining, reserving) : free from such ambiguity as results from careless lack of precision or from omission of pertinent matter
< a specific statement of faith >
< specific analysis of the problem >
< a specific agreement >
b. : intended for or restricted to a particular end or object
< a specific deposit in a bank >
5. : of, relating to, or constituting a species and especially a taxonomic species
< groups of specific rank >
< distinctive specific characters >
6. : being any of various arbitrary physical constants and especially one relating a quantitative attribute to unit mass, volume, or area
< specific luminous intensity is the luminous intensity per unit area of source >
— see specific entropy, specific gravity, specific heat, specific humidity
Synonyms: see explicit, special
II. noun
(-s)
1.
a. : something peculiarly adapted to its purpose, use, or situation
b. : a drug that has a specific mitigating influence on a disease
< quinine is a specific for malaria >
2.
a. : a specific or characteristic quality, trait, mark, or other feature
b. : precise details or distinctions : particulars
< music frees us from the specific and stirs the unconscious depths of our being >
c. specifics plural : specification 4
< work out the specifics required for putting his program into effect — New Republic >
Synonyms: see remedy |