| 释义 |
soil
I. \ˈsȯil, esp before pause or consonant -ȯiəl\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English soilen, from Old French soiller, souiller to wallow, soil, from soil pigsty, boar's wallow, probably from Latin suile pigsty, from sus pig — more at sow
transitive verb
1. : to stain or defile morally : corrupt, pollute
< why soil their ears with nasty knowledge — C.W.Cunnington >
< soil one's mind with such paltry thoughts — Van Wyck Brooks >
2. : to make unclean especially superficially : dirty 1, smudge, spot
< soil a rug >
< a paste that soils the hands >
< his shoes … were soiled now from the clay of the airfield — Kay Boyle >
< the majestic river … soiled with garbage — Herbert Agar >
3. : to blacken or besmirch (as a person's reputation or honor) by word or deed : give a bad name to : sully, disgrace
< what hath she done, prince, that can soil our mothers — Shakespeare >
4. chiefly Britain : to paint (as a pipe) with plumber's soil
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to wallow in mud — used especially of a deer or wild boar
b. : to take refuge in water or in a marsh — used of hunted game
2.
a. : to become soiled or dirty
< this fabric soils easily >
b. : to defecate involuntarily
< patients also showed infantile reactions … continually wetting and soiling — Digest of Neurology & Psychiatry >
II. noun
(-s)
1.
a. : the action of soiling or the condition of being soiled : soilage 1, stain, spot
< protect a dress from soil >
< hands free from soil >
< finger marks or any other kind of soil — New Yorker >
b. : moral defilement : corruption
< disburdening herself of the soil of worldly frailties — Nathaniel Hawthorne >
2. : something that soils or pollutes: as
a. : foreign matter : refuse
< metal surfaces … filled with all types of soil — R.E.Marce >
b. : sewage
< conduits to carry away the soil >
c. : dung, excrement
3. : plumber's soil
III. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin solium seat (influenced in meaning by Latin solum base, floor, ground, soil); probably akin to Latin sedēre to sit — more at sit
1. : firm land : earth, ground
< underfoot the divine soil, overhead the sun — Walt Whitman >
< she was as brown as the very soil itself — Pearl Buck >
2.
a. : the upper layer of earth that may be dug or plowed; specifically : the loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow usually consisting of disintegrated rock with an admixture of organic matter and soluble salts — see humus, nitrification
b. : the surface earth of a particular place with reference especially to its composition or its adaptability (as for the farmer, builder, or engineer)
< sandy soil >
< fertile soil >
< a rich soil >
< a soil deficient in alkali >
3. : country, land
< seek your hero in a distant soil — Thomas Gray >
< left his native soil never to return >
4.
a. : cultivated or tilled ground
< works on the soil >
b. : the agricultural life or calling
< a son of the soil >
< felt a closeness to the soil >
5. : a medium in which something takes hold and develops
< countries where such misery exists are fertile soil for Communist infiltration — New York Times Magazine >
< psychiatry flourished in the soil of curiosity — R.S.Ellery >
IV. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English soyle boar's wallow, small pond, from Middle French soil, souille boar's wallow — more at soil I
: a tract of water (as a marsh or pool) in which hunted animals take refuge from their pursuers : refuge, sanctuary — used chiefly in the phrases run to soil, go to soil, take soil
V. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: origin unknown
1. : to feed (livestock) in the barn or an enclosure with fresh grass or green food : fatten
2. : to purge (livestock) by feeding on green food
VI. noun
(-s)
: soilage |