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单词 sham
释义 sham
I. \ˈsham, -aa(ə)m\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: perhaps from English dialect sham shame, alteration of English shame (I)
1. : a trick that deludes : hoax
 < the so-called sale of stocks was a mere sham >
2. : cheap falseness : hypocrisy, deceitfulness
 < saw through the hollowness, the sham, the silliness of the empty pageant — Oscar Wilde >
3. : a decorative piece of cloth that is made to simulate an article of personal or household linen and is used in place of it or over it; specifically : pillow sham
4. : a fraudulent imitation : a counterfeit purporting to be genuine
 < has reduced national sovereignty to a sham although it has left its outward symbols intact — Isaac Deutscher >
5. : a person who shams
Synonyms: see imposture
II. verb
(shammed ; shammed ; shamming ; shams)
transitive verb
1. archaic : trick, deceive, cheat
2. : to put (as into a desirable position) by fraud
 < shammed herself into favor at court >
3. obsolete : to get rid of by fraud : pass off
4. : to go through the external motions necessary to counterfeit
 < have shammed headache and have the garden all to myself — G.B.Shaw >
intransitive verb
1. : to act intentionally so as to give a false impression : fake
 < decided she was not sick but only shamming >
2. : to pretend to be
 < if you want me for a friend you must not sham stupid — George Meredith >
Synonyms: see assume

- sham abraham
III. adjective
: marked by falseness: as
 a. : not genuine
  < the reaction of a terribly sincere spirit to something he believes to be sham and sophisticated — Herbert Read >
  < fought sham battles while waiting for the real thing >
  < sham pearls >
 b. : having such poor quality as to seem false : adulterated
  < sham tea, sham jam, processed butter, gray bread scorched into toast — Wyndham Lewis >
Synonyms: see counterfeit
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更新时间:2024/9/21 1:23:04