英语词汇“religious person”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD FAMILY

religious person: religious persons

USAGE EXAMPLES

And another: “My mom literally just texted me ‘don’t wear the Hijab please’ and she’s the most religious person in our family.

New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)

“I’m a real religious person, and I feel like God gave me another opportunity,” Hayes said.

Washington Post(Nov 08, 2016)

We must assume he means a religious person.

Salon(Oct 30, 2016)

n a person who manifests devotion to a deity

Ant|Exp|Hypo|Hyper

nonreligious person

a person who does not manifest devotion to a deity

Mary Morse Baker Eddy

founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

George Fox

English religious leader who founded the Society of Friends (1624-1691)

Gautama Siddhartha

founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC)

Chuang-tzu

4th-century Chinese philosopher on whose teachings Lao-tse based Taoism

Mahdi

(Islam) a messianic leader who (according to popular Muslim belief) will appear before the end of the world and restore justice and religion

Pope Alexander VI

Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503)

Al-hakim

an Ismaili caliph of Egypt who declared himself an incarnation of God and founded the Druze religious sect (985-1021)

Ali

the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects

Amos

a Hebrew shepherd and minor prophet

Saint Andrew the Apostle

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

Asanga

Indian religious leader and founder of the Yogacara school of Buddhism in India (4th century)

Roger Bacon

English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)

Saint Benedict

Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540 (480-547)

Prospero Lambertini

pope who was a patron of the arts and who denounced the cruelty to the indigenous peoples of South America (1675-1758)

Giacomo della Chiesa

pope who founded the Vatican service for prisoners of war during World War I (1854-1922)

Jakob Behmen

German mystic and theosophist who founded modern theosophy; influenced George Fox (1575-1624)

Benedetto Caetani

pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303)

Saint Bridget

Irish abbess; a patron saint of Ireland (453-523)

Pearl Sydenstricker Buck

United States author whose novels drew on her experiences as a missionary in China (1892-1973)

Guy of Burgundy

pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124)

Alfonso Borgia

Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458)

Giulio de' Medici

Italian pope from 1523 to 1534 who broke with Henry VIII of England after Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn (1478-1534)

Giovanni Francesco Albani

Italian pope from 1700 to 1721 who condemned Jansenist ideas on papal infallibility

Lorenzo Ganganelli

Italian pope from 1769 to 1774 who lost whatever support remained of Catholic Europe, causing the church to fall into the hands of secular princes (1705-1774)

Daniel

(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)

Johannes Eckhart

German Roman Catholic theologian and mystic (1260-1327)

Elijah

a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC)

Ezechiel

a Hebrew prophet of the 6th century BC who was exiled to Babylon in 587 BC

Fatimah

youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)

Gregory the Great

(Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership; a saint and Doctor of the Church (540?-604)

Gregory VII

the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)

Angelo Correr

the Italian pope from 1406 to 1415 who worked to end the Great Schism and who retired to make it possible (1327-1417)

Ugo Buoncompagni

the pope who sponsored the introduction of the modern calendar (1572-1585)

Bartolomeo Alberto Capillari

Italian pope from 1831 to 1846; conservative in politics and theology; worked to propagate Catholicism in England and the United States (1765-1846)

Habakkuk

a Hebrew minor prophet

Aggeus

a Hebrew minor prophet

Heloise

student and mistress and wife of Abelard (circa 1098-1164)

Hosea

a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)

Lotario di Segni

Italian pope from 1198 to 1216 who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216)

Giovanni Battista Cibo

Italian pope from 1484 to 1492 who was known as a nepotist and was attacked by Savonarola for his worldliness (1432-1492)

Benedetto Odescalchi

Italian pope from 1676 to 1689 whose papacy was marked by the struggle with Louis XIV of France over papal authority over French Catholics; known for saintliness and canonized in 1956 (1611-1689)

Antonio Pignatelli

Italian pope from 1691 to 1700 who abolished nepotism within the church hierarchy and was universally loved for his charity and piety

Isaiah

(Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC)

Saint James the Apostle

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of the Epistle of James in the New Testament

Jeremiah

(Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC)

Jesus of Nazareth

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

Joel

a Hebrew minor prophet

Saint John the Apostle

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally said to be the author of the 4th Gospel and three epistles and the book of Revelation

Angelo Guiseppe Roncalli

Italian pope from 1958 to 1963 who convoked the Second Vatican Council (1881-1963)

Albino Luciano

the first Pope to assume a double name; he reigned for only 34 days (1912-1978)

Karol Wojtyla

the first Pope born in Poland; the first Pope not born in Italy in 450 years (1920-2005)

Jonah

(Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land

Joshua

(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho

Judas Iscariot

(New Testament) the Apostle who betrayed Jesus to his enemies for 30 pieces of silver

Saint Jude

(New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989)

Leo the Great

Italian pope from 440 to 461 who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461)

Leo III

Italian pope from 795 to 816 who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816)

Bruno of Toul

German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)

Giovanni de'Medici

son of Lorenzo de'Medici and pope from 1513 to 1521 who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521)

Giovanni Vincenzo Pecci

Italian pope from 1878 to 1903 who was interested in the advancement of learning and who opened the Vatican secret archives to all scholars

Saint Luke

(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel

Malachias

a Hebrew minor prophet of the 5th century BC

Manes

a Persian prophet who founded Manichaeism (216-276)

Saint Mark

Apostle and companion of Saint Peter; assumed to be the author of the second Gospel

Pere Jacques Marquette

French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675)

Oddone Colonna

Italian pope from 1417 to 1431 whose election as pope ended the Great Schism (1368-1431)

Saint Matthew the Apostle

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

Gregor Mendel

Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

Thomas Merton

United States religious and writer (1915-1968)

Micheas

a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)

Mohammad

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

Sun Myung Moon

United States religious leader (born in Korea) who founded the Unification Church in 1954; was found guilty of conspiracy to evade taxes (born in 1920)

Mormon

the ancient prophet whose writings were revealed to Joseph Smith who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Moses

(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai

Nahum

a Hebrew minor prophet of the 7th century BC

Guru Nanak

Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism; he taught that all men had a right to search for knowledge of God and that spiritual liberation could be attained by meditating on the name of God (1469-1538)

Tomasso Parentucelli

Italian pope from 1447 to 1455 who founded the Vatican library (1397-1455)

Obadiah

a Hebrew minor prophet

Saint Patrick

Apostle and patron saint of Ireland; an English missionary to Ireland in the 5th century

Apostle of the Gentiles

(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle

Alessandro Farnese

Italian pope from 1534 to 1549 who excommunicated Henry VIII of England in 1538 and initiated the Council of Trent in 1545; was active in the Counter Reformation and promoted the Society of Jesus for this purpose (1468-1549)

Giovanni Battista Montini

Italian pope from 1963 to 1978 who eased restrictions on fasting and on interfaith marriages (1897-1978)

Pelagius

a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will; his views were declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 (circa 360-418)

William Penn

Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)

Saint Peter the Apostle

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

Enea Silvio Piccolomini

Italian pope from 1458 to 1464 who is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464)

Antonio Ghislieri

Italian pope from 1566 to 1572 who led the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church; he excommunicated Elizabeth I (1504-1572)

Giovanni Angelo Braschi

Italian pope from 1775 to 1799 who served during the French Revolution; Napoleon attacked the Papal States and in 1797 Pius VI was taken to France where he died (1717-1799)

Luigi Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti

Italian pope from 1800 to 1823 who was humiliated by Napoleon and taken prisoner in 1809; he concluded a concordat with Napoleon and crowned him emperor of France; he returned to Rome in 1814 (1740-1823)

Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti

Italian pope from 1846 to 1878 who in 1854 declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto

pope who condemned religious modernism; he was canonized in 1954 because of his interest in the poor (1835-1914)

Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti

pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939)

Eugenio Pacelli

pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958)

Charles Taze Russell

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

Samuel

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

Girolamo Savonarola

Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498)

Albert Schweitzer

French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)

Miguel Jose Serra

Spanish missionary who founded Franciscan missions in California (1713-1784)

Saint Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton

United States religious leader who was the first person born in the United States to be canonized (1774-1821)

Simon the Canaanite

one of the twelve Apostles (first century)

Francesco della Rovere

Italian pope from 1471 to 1484 who consented to the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and built the Sistine Chapel (1414-1484)

Joseph Smith

religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844)

Sylvester II

French pope from 999 to 1003 who was noted for his great learning (945-1003)

Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu

Indian nun and missionary in the Roman Catholic Church (born of Albanian parents in what is now Macedonia); dedicated to helping the poor in India (1910-1997)

Thomas the doubting Apostle

the Apostle who would not believe the resurrection of Jesus until he saw Jesus with his own eyes

Timothy

a disciple of Saint Paul who became the leader of the Christian community at Ephesus

Titus

a Greek disciple and helper of Saint Paul

Otho of Lagery

French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099)

Guillaume de Grimoard

French pope from 1362 to 1370 who tried to reestablish the papacy in Rome but in 1367 returned to Avignon hoping to end the war between France and England; canonized in 1870 (1310-1370)

Bartolomeo Prignano

Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism; he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389)

Maffeo Barberini

Italian pope from 1623 to 1644 who sanctioned the condemnation of Galileo but later freed him (1568-1644)

Isaac Mayer Wise

United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900)

Stephen Samuel Wise

United States Jewish leader (born in Hungary) (1874-1949)

Brigham Young

United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877)

Zacharias

a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 6th century BC

Sophonias

a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 7th century BC

Zarathustra

Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC)

Guibert of Ravenna

Italian antipope from 1080 to 1100 who was installed as pope by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who consistently opposed efforts at papal reform (died in 1100)

religionist

a person addicted to religion or a religious zealot

Christian

a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

non-Catholic

a religious person who is not a Catholic

Moslem, Muslim

a believer in or follower of Islam

Buddhist

one who follows the teachings of Buddha

Hindoo, Hindu

a person who adheres to Hinduism

abstainer, ascetic

someone who practices self denial as a spiritual discipline

agnostic

a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)

anointer

one who anoints as a religious ceremony

believer, worshiper, worshipper

a person who has religious faith

celibate

an unmarried person who has taken a religious vow of chastity

church member, churchgoer

a religious person who goes to church regularly

coreligionist

someone having the same religion as another person

Mandaean, Mandean

a member of a small Gnostic sect that originated in Jordan and survives in Iraq and who believes that John the Baptist was the Messiah

missionary, missioner

someone sent on a mission--especially a religious or charitable mission to a foreign country

Moonie

an often derogatory term for a member of the Unification Church

oblate

a lay person dedicated to religious work or the religious life

Ebionite, Nazarene

a member of a group of Jews who (during the early history of the Christian Church) accepted Jesus as the Messiah; they accepted the Gospel According to Matthew but rejected the Epistles of St. Paul and continued to follow Jewish law and celebrate Jewish holidays; they were later declared heretic by the Church of Rome

novice, novitiate

someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows

pagan

a person who follows a polytheistic or pre-Christian religion (not a Christian or Muslim or Jew)

Parsee, Parsi

a member of a monotheistic sect of Zoroastrian origin; descended from the Persians; now found in western India

penitent

(Roman Catholic Church) a person who repents for wrongdoing (a Roman Catholic may be admitted to penance under the direction of a confessor)

prayer, supplicant

someone who prays to God

prophet

someone who speaks by divine inspiration; someone who is an interpreter of the will of God

religious

a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience

religious leader

leader of a religious order

Sabbatarian

one who observes Saturday as the Sabbath (as in Judaism)

sacrificer

a religious person who offers up a sacrifice

tritheist

someone (not an orthodox Christian) who believes that the Father and Son and Holy Ghost are three separate gods

Adventist, Second Adventist

a member of Christian denomination that expects the imminent advent of Christ

gentile

a Christian

gentile, goy, non-Jew

a Christian as contrasted with a Jew

Protestant

an adherent of Protestantism

Friend, Quaker

a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers)

Catholic

a member of a Catholic church

Old Catholic

a member of the church formed in the 19th century by German Catholics who refused to accept the infallibility of the Pope

Copt

a member of the Coptic Church

Islamist

an orthodox Muslim

Jihadist

a Muslim who is involved in a jihad

Shi'ite, Shi'ite Muslim, Shia Muslim, Shiite, Shiite Muslim

a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs

Sunni, Sunni Muslim, Sunnite

a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad

swami

a Hindu religious teacher; used as a title of respect

chela

a Hindu disciple of a swami

Hare Krishna

worshipper of Krishna and member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness

Shaktist

worshipper of Shakti

Shivaist

worshipper of Shiva

Vaishnava

worshipper of Vishnu

Moor

one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

Apostle

(New Testament) one of the original 12 disciples chosen by Christ to preach his gospel

Apostelic Father, Apostle

any important early teacher of Christianity or a Christian missionary to a people

arianist

an adherent of Arianism (the belief that Jesus Christ was not truly God)

assassin

a member of a secret order of Muslims (founded in the 12th century) who terrorized and killed Christian Crusaders

ayatollah

a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well

beadsman, bedesman

a person who is paid to pray for the soul of another

begum

a Muslim woman of high rank in India or Pakistan

theist

one who believes in the existence of a god or gods

born-again Christian

a Christian who has experienced a dramatic conversion to faith in Jesus

calif, caliph, kalif, kaliph, khalif, khalifah

the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth

communicant

a person entitled to receive Communion

congregant

a member of a congregation (especially that of a church or synagogue)

devil worshiper

someone who worships devils

fakeer, fakir, faqir, faquir

a Muslim or Hindu mendicant monk who is regarded as a holy man

flagellant

a person who whips himself as a religious penance

friar, mendicant

a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

monastic, monk

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

Benedictine

a monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict

guru

a Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher

Guru

each of the first ten leaders of the Sikh religion

hakeem, hakim

a Muslim physician

hakim

a Muslim ruler or governor or judge

Holy Roller

a member of a religion that expresses ecstatic fervor

imam, imaum

(Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide

Jesuit

a member of the Jesuit order

Melchite, Melkite

an Orthodox Christian or Uniate Christian belonging to the patriarchate of Alexandria or Antioch or Jerusalem

Melchite, Melkite

an eastern Christian in Egypt or Syria who adheres to the Orthodox faith as defined by the council of Chalcedon in 451 and as accepted by the Byzantine emperor

Mon

a member of a Buddhist people living in Myanmar and adjacent parts of Thailand

monotheist

a believer in one god

mujahid

a Muslim engaged in what he considers to be a jihad

mujtihad

an Islamic scholar who engages in ijtihad, the effort to derive rules of divine law from Muslim sacred texts

Mollah, Mulla, Mullah

a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque

Muslimah

a Muslim woman

mystic, religious mystic

someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension

Nazarene

an early name for any Christian

numerologist

a believer in numerology

nun

a woman religious

pantheist

someone who believes that God and the universe are the same

parishioner

a member of a parish

pilgrim

someone who journeys to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion

puritan

someone who adheres to strict religious principles; someone opposed to sensual pleasures

eremite

a Christian recluse

cenobite, coenobite

a member of a religious order living in common

saddhu, sadhu

(Hinduism) an ascetic holy man

sannyasi, sannyasin, sanyasi

a Hindu religious mendicant

Saracen

(historically) a Muslim who opposed the Crusades

Shaker

a member of Christian group practicing celibacy and communal living and common possession of property and separation from the world

stylite

an early Christian ascetic who lived on top of high pillars

Sufi

a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam; a Muslim who seeks direct experience of Allah; mainly in Iran

sun worshiper

someone who worships the sun

superior

the head of a religious community

theosophist

a believer in theosophy

Tractarian

a follower of Tractarianism and supporter of the Oxford movement (which was expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times')

votary

one bound by vows to a religion or life of worship or service

Wahabi, Wahhabi

a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect from Saudi Arabia; strives to purify Islamic beliefs and rejects any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam

Wiccan, witch

a believer in Wicca

individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul

a human being

单词	religious person
释义	religious person (once / 25095 pages) n WORD FAMILY religious person: religious persons USAGE EXAMPLES And another: “My mom literally just texted me ‘don’t wear the Hijab please’ and she’s the most religious person in our family. New York Times(Nov 09, 2016) “I’m a real religious person, and I feel like God gave me another opportunity,” Hayes said. Washington Post(Nov 08, 2016) We must assume he means a religious person. Salon(Oct 30, 2016) n a person who manifests devotion to a deity Ant\|Exp\|Hypo\|Hyper nonreligious person a person who does not manifest devotion to a deity Mary Morse Baker Eddy founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910) George Fox English religious leader who founded the Society of Friends (1624-1691) Gautama Siddhartha founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC) Chuang-tzu 4th-century Chinese philosopher on whose teachings Lao-tse based Taoism Mahdi (Islam) a messianic leader who (according to popular Muslim belief) will appear before the end of the world and restore justice and religion Pope Alexander VI Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503) Al-hakim an Ismaili caliph of Egypt who declared himself an incarnation of God and founded the Druze religious sect (985-1021) Ali the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects Amos a Hebrew shepherd and minor prophet Saint Andrew the Apostle (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland Asanga Indian religious leader and founder of the Yogacara school of Buddhism in India (4th century) Roger Bacon English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292) Saint Benedict Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540 (480-547) Prospero Lambertini pope who was a patron of the arts and who denounced the cruelty to the indigenous peoples of South America (1675-1758) Giacomo della Chiesa pope who founded the Vatican service for prisoners of war during World War I (1854-1922) Jakob Behmen German mystic and theosophist who founded modern theosophy; influenced George Fox (1575-1624) Benedetto Caetani pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303) Saint Bridget Irish abbess; a patron saint of Ireland (453-523) Pearl Sydenstricker Buck United States author whose novels drew on her experiences as a missionary in China (1892-1973) Guy of Burgundy pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124) Alfonso Borgia Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458) Giulio de' Medici Italian pope from 1523 to 1534 who broke with Henry VIII of England after Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn (1478-1534) Giovanni Francesco Albani Italian pope from 1700 to 1721 who condemned Jansenist ideas on papal infallibility Lorenzo Ganganelli Italian pope from 1769 to 1774 who lost whatever support remained of Catholic Europe, causing the church to fall into the hands of secular princes (1705-1774) Daniel (Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC) Johannes Eckhart German Roman Catholic theologian and mystic (1260-1327) Elijah a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC) Ezechiel a Hebrew prophet of the 6th century BC who was exiled to Babylon in 587 BC Fatimah youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632) Gregory the Great (Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership; a saint and Doctor of the Church (540?-604) Gregory VII the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085) Angelo Correr the Italian pope from 1406 to 1415 who worked to end the Great Schism and who retired to make it possible (1327-1417) Ugo Buoncompagni the pope who sponsored the introduction of the modern calendar (1572-1585) Bartolomeo Alberto Capillari Italian pope from 1831 to 1846; conservative in politics and theology; worked to propagate Catholicism in England and the United States (1765-1846) Habakkuk a Hebrew minor prophet Aggeus a Hebrew minor prophet Heloise student and mistress and wife of Abelard (circa 1098-1164) Hosea a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC) Lotario di Segni Italian pope from 1198 to 1216 who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216) Giovanni Battista Cibo Italian pope from 1484 to 1492 who was known as a nepotist and was attacked by Savonarola for his worldliness (1432-1492) Benedetto Odescalchi Italian pope from 1676 to 1689 whose papacy was marked by the struggle with Louis XIV of France over papal authority over French Catholics; known for saintliness and canonized in 1956 (1611-1689) Antonio Pignatelli Italian pope from 1691 to 1700 who abolished nepotism within the church hierarchy and was universally loved for his charity and piety Isaiah (Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC) Saint James the Apostle (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of the Epistle of James in the New Testament Jeremiah (Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC) Jesus of Nazareth a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29) Joel a Hebrew minor prophet Saint John the Apostle (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally said to be the author of the 4th Gospel and three epistles and the book of Revelation Angelo Guiseppe Roncalli Italian pope from 1958 to 1963 who convoked the Second Vatican Council (1881-1963) Albino Luciano the first Pope to assume a double name; he reigned for only 34 days (1912-1978) Karol Wojtyla the first Pope born in Poland; the first Pope not born in Italy in 450 years (1920-2005) Jonah (Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land Joshua (Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho Judas Iscariot (New Testament) the Apostle who betrayed Jesus to his enemies for 30 pieces of silver Saint Jude (New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989) Leo the Great Italian pope from 440 to 461 who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461) Leo III Italian pope from 795 to 816 who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816) Bruno of Toul German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054) Giovanni de'Medici son of Lorenzo de'Medici and pope from 1513 to 1521 who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521) Giovanni Vincenzo Pecci Italian pope from 1878 to 1903 who was interested in the advancement of learning and who opened the Vatican secret archives to all scholars Saint Luke (New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel Malachias a Hebrew minor prophet of the 5th century BC Manes a Persian prophet who founded Manichaeism (216-276) Saint Mark Apostle and companion of Saint Peter; assumed to be the author of the second Gospel Pere Jacques Marquette French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675) Oddone Colonna Italian pope from 1417 to 1431 whose election as pope ended the Great Schism (1368-1431) Saint Matthew the Apostle (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel Gregor Mendel Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884) Thomas Merton United States religious and writer (1915-1968) Micheas a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC) Mohammad the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632) Sun Myung Moon United States religious leader (born in Korea) who founded the Unification Church in 1954; was found guilty of conspiracy to evade taxes (born in 1920) Mormon the ancient prophet whose writings were revealed to Joseph Smith who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Moses (Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai Nahum a Hebrew minor prophet of the 7th century BC Guru Nanak Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism; he taught that all men had a right to search for knowledge of God and that spiritual liberation could be attained by meditating on the name of God (1469-1538) Tomasso Parentucelli Italian pope from 1447 to 1455 who founded the Vatican library (1397-1455) Obadiah a Hebrew minor prophet Saint Patrick Apostle and patron saint of Ireland; an English missionary to Ireland in the 5th century Apostle of the Gentiles (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle Alessandro Farnese Italian pope from 1534 to 1549 who excommunicated Henry VIII of England in 1538 and initiated the Council of Trent in 1545; was active in the Counter Reformation and promoted the Society of Jesus for this purpose (1468-1549) Giovanni Battista Montini Italian pope from 1963 to 1978 who eased restrictions on fasting and on interfaith marriages (1897-1978) Pelagius a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will; his views were declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 (circa 360-418) William Penn Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) Saint Peter the Apostle disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope Enea Silvio Piccolomini Italian pope from 1458 to 1464 who is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464) Antonio Ghislieri Italian pope from 1566 to 1572 who led the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church; he excommunicated Elizabeth I (1504-1572) Giovanni Angelo Braschi Italian pope from 1775 to 1799 who served during the French Revolution; Napoleon attacked the Papal States and in 1797 Pius VI was taken to France where he died (1717-1799) Luigi Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti Italian pope from 1800 to 1823 who was humiliated by Napoleon and taken prisoner in 1809; he concluded a concordat with Napoleon and crowned him emperor of France; he returned to Rome in 1814 (1740-1823) Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti Italian pope from 1846 to 1878 who in 1854 declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto pope who condemned religious modernism; he was canonized in 1954 because of his interest in the poor (1835-1914) Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939) Eugenio Pacelli pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958) Charles Taze Russell United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916) Samuel (Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king Girolamo Savonarola Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498) Albert Schweitzer French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965) Miguel Jose Serra Spanish missionary who founded Franciscan missions in California (1713-1784) Saint Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton United States religious leader who was the first person born in the United States to be canonized (1774-1821) Simon the Canaanite one of the twelve Apostles (first century) Francesco della Rovere Italian pope from 1471 to 1484 who consented to the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and built the Sistine Chapel (1414-1484) Joseph Smith religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844) Sylvester II French pope from 999 to 1003 who was noted for his great learning (945-1003) Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu Indian nun and missionary in the Roman Catholic Church (born of Albanian parents in what is now Macedonia); dedicated to helping the poor in India (1910-1997) Thomas the doubting Apostle the Apostle who would not believe the resurrection of Jesus until he saw Jesus with his own eyes Timothy a disciple of Saint Paul who became the leader of the Christian community at Ephesus Titus a Greek disciple and helper of Saint Paul Otho of Lagery French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099) Guillaume de Grimoard French pope from 1362 to 1370 who tried to reestablish the papacy in Rome but in 1367 returned to Avignon hoping to end the war between France and England; canonized in 1870 (1310-1370) Bartolomeo Prignano Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism; he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389) Maffeo Barberini Italian pope from 1623 to 1644 who sanctioned the condemnation of Galileo but later freed him (1568-1644) Isaac Mayer Wise United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900) Stephen Samuel Wise United States Jewish leader (born in Hungary) (1874-1949) Brigham Young United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877) Zacharias a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 6th century BC Sophonias a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 7th century BC Zarathustra Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC) Guibert of Ravenna Italian antipope from 1080 to 1100 who was installed as pope by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who consistently opposed efforts at papal reform (died in 1100) religionist a person addicted to religion or a religious zealot Christian a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination non-Catholic a religious person who is not a Catholic Moslem, Muslim a believer in or follower of Islam Buddhist one who follows the teachings of Buddha Hindoo, Hindu a person who adheres to Hinduism abstainer, ascetic someone who practices self denial as a spiritual discipline agnostic a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist) anointer one who anoints as a religious ceremony believer, worshiper, worshipper a person who has religious faith celibate an unmarried person who has taken a religious vow of chastity church member, churchgoer a religious person who goes to church regularly coreligionist someone having the same religion as another person Mandaean, Mandean a member of a small Gnostic sect that originated in Jordan and survives in Iraq and who believes that John the Baptist was the Messiah missionary, missioner someone sent on a mission--especially a religious or charitable mission to a foreign country Moonie an often derogatory term for a member of the Unification Church oblate a lay person dedicated to religious work or the religious life Ebionite, Nazarene a member of a group of Jews who (during the early history of the Christian Church) accepted Jesus as the Messiah; they accepted the Gospel According to Matthew but rejected the Epistles of St. Paul and continued to follow Jewish law and celebrate Jewish holidays; they were later declared heretic by the Church of Rome novice, novitiate someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows pagan a person who follows a polytheistic or pre-Christian religion (not a Christian or Muslim or Jew) Parsee, Parsi a member of a monotheistic sect of Zoroastrian origin; descended from the Persians; now found in western India penitent (Roman Catholic Church) a person who repents for wrongdoing (a Roman Catholic may be admitted to penance under the direction of a confessor) prayer, supplicant someone who prays to God prophet someone who speaks by divine inspiration; someone who is an interpreter of the will of God religious a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience religious leader leader of a religious order Sabbatarian one who observes Saturday as the Sabbath (as in Judaism) sacrificer a religious person who offers up a sacrifice tritheist someone (not an orthodox Christian) who believes that the Father and Son and Holy Ghost are three separate gods Adventist, Second Adventist a member of Christian denomination that expects the imminent advent of Christ gentile a Christian gentile, goy, non-Jew a Christian as contrasted with a Jew Protestant an adherent of Protestantism Friend, Quaker a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers) Catholic a member of a Catholic church Old Catholic a member of the church formed in the 19th century by German Catholics who refused to accept the infallibility of the Pope Copt a member of the Coptic Church Islamist an orthodox Muslim Jihadist a Muslim who is involved in a jihad Shi'ite, Shi'ite Muslim, Shia Muslim, Shiite, Shiite Muslim a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs Sunni, Sunni Muslim, Sunnite a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad swami a Hindu religious teacher; used as a title of respect chela a Hindu disciple of a swami Hare Krishna worshipper of Krishna and member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness Shaktist worshipper of Shakti Shivaist worshipper of Shiva Vaishnava worshipper of Vishnu Moor one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century Apostle (New Testament) one of the original 12 disciples chosen by Christ to preach his gospel Apostelic Father, Apostle any important early teacher of Christianity or a Christian missionary to a people arianist an adherent of Arianism (the belief that Jesus Christ was not truly God) assassin a member of a secret order of Muslims (founded in the 12th century) who terrorized and killed Christian Crusaders ayatollah a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well beadsman, bedesman a person who is paid to pray for the soul of another begum a Muslim woman of high rank in India or Pakistan theist one who believes in the existence of a god or gods born-again Christian a Christian who has experienced a dramatic conversion to faith in Jesus calif, caliph, kalif, kaliph, khalif, khalifah the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth communicant a person entitled to receive Communion congregant a member of a congregation (especially that of a church or synagogue) devil worshiper someone who worships devils fakeer, fakir, faqir, faquir a Muslim or Hindu mendicant monk who is regarded as a holy man flagellant a person who whips himself as a religious penance friar, mendicant a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms monastic, monk a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work Benedictine a monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict guru a Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher Guru each of the first ten leaders of the Sikh religion hakeem, hakim a Muslim physician hakim a Muslim ruler or governor or judge Holy Roller a member of a religion that expresses ecstatic fervor imam, imaum (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide Jesuit a member of the Jesuit order Melchite, Melkite an Orthodox Christian or Uniate Christian belonging to the patriarchate of Alexandria or Antioch or Jerusalem Melchite, Melkite an eastern Christian in Egypt or Syria who adheres to the Orthodox faith as defined by the council of Chalcedon in 451 and as accepted by the Byzantine emperor Mon a member of a Buddhist people living in Myanmar and adjacent parts of Thailand monotheist a believer in one god mujahid a Muslim engaged in what he considers to be a jihad mujtihad an Islamic scholar who engages in ijtihad, the effort to derive rules of divine law from Muslim sacred texts Mollah, Mulla, Mullah a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque Muslimah a Muslim woman mystic, religious mystic someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension Nazarene an early name for any Christian numerologist a believer in numerology nun a woman religious pantheist someone who believes that God and the universe are the same parishioner a member of a parish pilgrim someone who journeys to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion puritan someone who adheres to strict religious principles; someone opposed to sensual pleasures eremite a Christian recluse cenobite, coenobite a member of a religious order living in common saddhu, sadhu (Hinduism) an ascetic holy man sannyasi, sannyasin, sanyasi a Hindu religious mendicant Saracen (historically) a Muslim who opposed the Crusades Shaker a member of Christian group practicing celibacy and communal living and common possession of property and separation from the world stylite an early Christian ascetic who lived on top of high pillars Sufi a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam; a Muslim who seeks direct experience of Allah; mainly in Iran sun worshiper someone who worships the sun superior the head of a religious community theosophist a believer in theosophy Tractarian a follower of Tractarianism and supporter of the Oxford movement (which was expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times') votary one bound by vows to a religion or life of worship or service Wahabi, Wahhabi a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect from Saudi Arabia; strives to purify Islamic beliefs and rejects any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam Wiccan, witch a believer in Wicca individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul a human being
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